问题 填空题

所有()均可以校准工作计量器具。

答案

参考答案:计量标准

阅读理解

Andrew Engel was puzzled. He was sitting in class, but had no idea what the other students were talking about. He had done his homework, paid attention to lectures, and taken notes, but nothing was familiar. “Everyone is so much cleverer than I am,” he thought. It was a strange feeling, as he was always a good student in high school.

He felt even more puzzled a few days later. He got lost on his way to his favorite cinema. What’s worse, he began having trouble finding the right words when speaking. He asked, “What’s for dinner, Mom?” after he had just eaten. Poor Andrew, he was only 15!

His parents were worried and took Andrew to see a doctor. A brain scan(扫描) made it clear: Andrew had a malignant brain tumor(恶性脑肿瘤) . It was pressing on the part of the brain that makes new memory. He should be operated on as soon as possible. Andrew was scared!

Doctors removed the tumor, but Andrew’s memory was still poor. He was told he would probably never go back to school. Andrew was eager to enter a university, but it seemed that his dream wouldn’t come true.

“Even though they told me this, I knew I wanted to go back to school,” Andrew said. “I wanted to get my memory back.”

Andrew began by auditing(旁听) an English class at a nearby school. In class, he took notes carefully and read his notes several times a day, then typed them again and again. He studied twelve hours a day, seven days a week. He worked ten times harder than other students. In 2007, at age 29, he graduated from a local university. Six months later, Andrew found a job.

小题1:Andrew’s strange behavior(行为) including all the following except_________.

A.having no idea what the other students were talking about

B.getting lost on his way to his favorite cinema

C.having trouble finding the right words when speaking

D.not knowing who he was小题2:The underlined word "scared" in the third paragraph means “ __________”.

A.very frightened

B.very excited

C.very surprised

D.very happy小题3:The tumor in Andrew’s brain __________.

A.didn’t damage his memory

B.didn’t have to be removed

C.caused his forgetfulness

D.is still in his brain小题4:Andrew studied very hard at the nearby school because ___________.

A.he wanted to realize his dream

B.he liked to stay with other students

C.he wanted to forget his illness

D.his parents wanted him to do so小题5:Which of the following is the best title of the article?

A.A man with an amazing brain

B.An unusual story of memory lost and found

C.How to improve your memory

D.Never lose your memory

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文段,完成19~23题。(12分)

太空中的绿色动力——太阳帆

①太阳光传送光和热,照到人身上,人会感到暖洋洋的,但从来也没有人感觉到太阳光有压力。实际上,太阳光是有压力的,因为光具有两重性,既是电磁波,又是粒子——光子。光线实际上是光子流,当光子流受到物体阻挡时,光子就撞到该物体上,就像空气分子撞到物体上一样,它的动能就转化成对物体的压力。

②不过,太阳光产生的压力——光压是非常非常小的。不仅人感受不到,就连普通的仪器也测不出来。在地球附近,太阳光照射到一个平整、光亮、能完全反射光的表面时,产生的压力最大,大约是9×10-6牛/平方米,也就是说100万平方米平整光亮的面积上才受到9牛的压力,只相当于一个2分硬币的重量。在地面上,由于重力、大气压力、空气阻力、摩擦力等力的存在,微乎其微的太阳光压力被淹没在这些宏观力的汪洋大海之中。

③“山中无老虎,猴子称大王。”到了太空中,重力、大气压力、空气阻力、摩擦力等几乎完全消失,太阳光压才有了出头之日。一些具有创新思维的人开始想到利用太阳光压来推动航天器在太空飞行。早在上一世纪初,俄罗斯宇航理论先驱齐奥尔科夫斯基就提出过这一大胆的设想。以后,又有不少科学家进行过研究。然而,只有当科学技术发展到今天的水平,在有强大的火箭把航天器送入太空的条件下,利用太阳光作为航天推进力才有了实现的可能。

④太阳光压的大小是与接受太阳照射的面积成正比的。受照面积越大,产生的压力越大。为了获得一定的压力,必须有足够大的受照面积,从而引出了太阳帆的概念。

⑤太阳帆是一种面积很大,表面平整、光滑、无斑点和皱纹的薄膜,一般由聚酯或聚酰亚胺等高分子材料制成,表面镀铝或银,使其具有全反射的特性。

⑥一块面积为105×105平方米的太阳帆,在太阳光正射下可获得大约100毫牛的力,用它推动100千克的物体,可产生1毫米/平方秒的加速度。这个加速度极其微小,只有地面重力加速度的一万分之一。

⑦俗话说:“涓涓细流汇成大海,块块碎土堆成高山。”速度等于加速度与时间的乘积,尽管加速度非常小,只要时间足够长,终能达到一定的速度。即使航天器的加速度只有1毫米/平方秒,那么,一天以后,速度达到86.4米/秒;一个月后达到2592米/秒;130天后,就可超过第二宇宙速度,达到11.23千米/秒;一年后可达到31.54千米/秒,足以飞出太阳系,由此可见加速度不在大,时间长则灵。

小题1:、本文的说明对象是:,你认为“太空中的绿色动力”中“绿色”一词的含义是:。(2分)

小题2:、第③段中加点的“这”字指代什么?(1分)

小题3:、太阳帆有哪些特征?请用简要的话概括。(2分)

小题4:、第⑥段运用了哪些说明方法?有什么作用?(3分)

小题5:、本文语言既科学准确,又生动形象。分析下列句中加点词语的表达作用。(4分)

(1)在地球附近,太阳光照射到一个平整、光亮、能完全反射光的表面时,产生的压力最大,大约是9×10-6牛/平方米。(编者注:大约加黑点)

(2)到了太空中,重力、大气压力、空气阻力、摩擦力等几乎完全消失,太阳光压才有了出头之日。(编者注:出头加黑点)