问题 问答题 简答题

火成岩是怎样形成的?它有哪些主要的矿物、结构、构造类型?

答案

参考答案:

(1)火成岩是岩浆活动的产物,即地下深处的岩浆侵入地壳或喷出地表冷凝而成的岩石。

(2)组成说成岩的矿物大约有30多种,他们在火成岩中分布很不均匀,最多为石英、长石、云母、角闪石、辉石、橄榄石等10余种。

(3)火成岩的结构是指组成岩石的矿物结晶程度、结晶颗粒的大小、形态及晶粒之间或晶粒与玻璃质之间的相互关系的特征。火成岩的结构根据岩石中矿物结晶程度可分为全晶质结构、半晶质结构和非晶质结构,根据岩石中晶粒的大小可分为显晶质解雇和隐晶质结构,很据晶粒相对大小又可更为等粒结构、不等粒结构和斑状结构。

(4)火成岩的主要构造类型有流纹状构造、气孔状构造、杏仁状构造和块状构造。

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