问题 问答题 简答题

试述投资乘数与加速原理相互作用模型的内容?

答案

参考答案:

乘数原理说明投资变动对收入的影响;加速原理说明收入变动对响。二者的着眼点不同,但都是说明收入与投资的相互关系。把加速作用和乘数原理的作用互相结合起来,就叫加速原理和乘数原理的综合作用。美国的汉森和萨缪尔森首先用这种综合作用分析经济变动周期,所以被西方经济学界称为―汉森——萨缪尔森模型‖。

设边际消费倾向为β,加速系数为V,现期收入为Yt,现期投资为It,现引致投资为Ii,由个人消费增加所引起的私人投资,称为引致投资。自发投资不变为I0,现期消费为Ct,根据投资乘数和加速原理可以得到乘数与加速原理相互作用模型中的几个基本等式:

Ct=βYt-1

It=I0+Ii=I0+V(Ct-Ct-1)

Yt=Ct+It=βYt-1+[I0+V(Ct-Ct-1)

投资通过其乘数作用引起收入的变动,收入的变动则通过加速原理的作用引致投资的变动,投资和收入是相互影响、相互调整的。假定自发投资为一固定的量,靠经济本身调整,它就会自发地形成经济的周期波动。经济周期中的高涨阶段和低潮阶段正是由乘数与加速原理的结合作用所决定的,它是经济自动地由高峰到谷低摆动。

填空题
完形填空

第二节 完型填空 (共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分).

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。

John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children, a boy and a girl. John had a good   36   and had just been asked to go on a business trip to another city and it was   37   that Mary needed an outing and would go along too. They   38  a reliable woman to care for the children and made the   39   , returning home a little earlier than they had planned.

40   they drove into their home town, they found a home in flames (火焰). Mary said, “Oh well, it isn’t our   41  , let’s go home. ”

But John drove closer and exclaimed, “That home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the plant. He wouldn’t be   42   work yet, maybe there is something we could do. ”

John drove up and they were both   43   -stricken to see the whole house in flames. A woman on the lawn was in hysterics   44   , “The children! Get the children! They are in the basement. ”

45   Mary’s protests, John grabbed the water hose and soaked (浸湿) his clothes, put his   46  hand-kerchief on his head and dashed for the basement which was full of   47   . He found two nearly suffocated (窒息的) children and after carrying them to  48   , he asked how many more children were down there. They told him two more and Mary   49  his arm and screamed, “John! Don’t go back! It’s   50  ! That house will cave in (坍塌) any second!”

But he shook her off and went back by   51   his way down the smoke filled hallway and into the room. It seemed a long time   52   he found both children and started back and at last when they came out into the   53  and fresh air, he found that he had just   54   his own children.

The baby-sitter had   55   them at this home while she did some shopping.

(   ) 36. A. job                   B. family                  C. wife                         D. boss

(   ) 37. A. known                     B. believed                   C. decided                    D. hoped

(   ) 38. A. asked                B. hired                    C. begged                     D. paid

(   ) 39. A. preparations      B. mistake                C. decision                   D. trip

(   ) 40. A. Before                     B. As                           C. Once                        D. Since

(   ) 41. A. duty                 B. neighbor                  C. business                   D. fire

(   ) 42. A. off                   B. on                           C. out of                      D. at

(   ) 43. A. nerve                B. sorrow                        C. horror                 D. poverty

(   ) 44. A. coughing          B. screaming             C. waving                     D. crying

(   ) 45. A. Except for        B. In case of            C. Instead of          D. In spite of

(   ) 46. A. clean                B. soft                          C. wet                          D. large

(   ) 47. A. smoke                     B. darkness                   C. children                  D. danger

(   ) 48. A. entrance            B. ground                     C. rest                          D. safety

(   ) 49. A. pulled               B. took                         C. grabbed                    D. held

(   ) 50. A. dangerous         B. useless                     C. over                         D. stupid

(   ) 51. A. pushing            B. feeling                        C. jumping                   D. moving

(   ) 52. A. that                  B. when                       C. while                   D. before

(   ) 53. A. shade                B. sunlight                    C. open                        D. crowd

(   ) 54. A. helped                     B. found                   C. recognized            D. rescued

(   ) 55. A. left                   B. charged                    C. removed                   D. forgot