问题 问答题 简答题

为什么要考虑黑启动问题?

答案

参考答案:

随着电力系统相关理论和技术的不断成熟和发展,电网建设得到了空前迅速的发展,世界各国相继出现了许多跨地区甚至跨国的大电网和超级大电网,电网结构日趋合理,且日益强大。但经过几十年的运行表明,凡事都有两面性,随着现代电力系统的加强,其防范和抵御事故的能力是提高了,但是一旦发生大面积停电和电网全网停电后,因电网的复杂习惯和庞大性,也使得电网的恢复过程变得空前的复杂,因此现代大电网不是无懈可击。从上世纪六十年代开始,一些国际著名的大电网就相继出现了大停电事故,尤其是近几年来,如2003年的美国加拿大大面积停电和意大利停电事故、2005年5月25日俄罗斯莫斯科大面积停电事故,都给国民经济和人民生活,以及电力系统本身带来了空前的损失,并造成了严重影响。

为此如何使电网尽快恢复供电,以减少停电带来的损失,就成了各大电网所面临的问题之一。从纽约、东京、台湾等大停电事故的经验和教训表明,为在电网大面积停电或全停后能快速而有序地恢复,事先必须制定有关方案,即“黑启动”方案,以最大限度地加快恢复速度,从而最大限度地减少因停电带来的经济损失。

填空题
单项选择题

Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way : her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warn. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired—maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, "Oh, my God, she fell in!" Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. "No! Not you!" his girlfriend screamed after him. She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station.
It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. She tried to talk but she couldn’t, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40 minute train ride downtown—just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. "I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die", she explained.

How did Frank save Lisa

A. By lifting her to the platform.
B. By helping her rise to her feet.
C. By pulling her along the ground.
D. By dragging her away from the edge.