法兰西第三共和国宪法的一项修正条文规定：“凡曾经统治过法国的家族不得当选为共和国总统”。这一修正条文的意义在于

A．有利于确立和巩固共和制

B．摒弃了封建的等级制度

C．平民可直选法国总统

D．消灭了法国的保守势力

Americans have four primary avenues for making friends: at work, at school, through a hobby or a (1) such as volunteer work and discussion group, or through a family or (2) .
In American culture, a job is more than the work that one performs between the hours of 9 a.m. and (3) . Work becomes a major socializing influence. Many young mothers who (4) their jobs to care for small children remark on the loneliness of their new lifestyles because they have lost their forum for (5) .
A great number of American employers recognize business social (6) and use it to build a family atmosphere on the job so that employees will feel (7) in their work environment. Some employers arrange company get-togethers in their home or at a (8) . American companies have at least one (9) annually, usually at Christmas time. Many corporations have (10) where employees and administrators alike dress (11) to play games such as baseball and volleyball.
Top American administrators often hold social gatherings (12) . Depending upon the size of the employer’s home and the number of (13) . These social gatherings may be picnics, pool parties, or (14) . If the company is large, an employer may hold what Americans call (15) . For an open house, the employer will invite his employees to come to his home (16) between 1 p.m. on a certain day. Those invited usually stay for (17) , chatting with the other guests and their host. People come and go (18) during the designated hours, and the host keeps refreshments, usually (19) or hors d’oeuvres and beverages, available for all who come. For such social gatherings, it is considered (20) the invitation unless you have an excellent reason.