问题 论述题

(26分)阅读材料,回答下列问题。

国家 * * 习 * * 2013年10月访问东南亚时,提出了建设21世纪“海上丝绸之路”的构想,“海上丝绸之路”成为人们关注的热点。

“海上丝绸之路”事实上早已存在。中国丝绸的输出,早在公元前,便已有东海起航线和南海起航线两条主线路,比陆上丝绸之路的历史更为悠久。

东海起航线:据历史记载,早在公元前1112年,周武王就派遣箕子到朝鲜传授田蚕织作技术。箕子从山东半岛的渤海湾海港出发,走水路抵达朝鲜,把中国的养蚕、缫丝、织绸技术通过黄海最先传到了朝鲜。公元前三世纪,江浙一带的吴地有兄弟二人,东渡黄海至日本,传授蚕织和缝制吴服的技艺。隋唐时期,日本使节和僧侣往来中国频繁,他们仿制彩色锦、绫、夹缬等,至今仍沿用中国唐代的名称。宋代有很多的中国丝绸被运往日本,元代政府设置市舶司向日本出口丝绸,明代日本从中国输入的生丝、绢、缎、金锦等不计其数。

南海起航线:早在汉武帝(公元前140-公元前87年)时,中国海船就携带大批丝绸、黄金,从雷州半岛起航途经今越南、泰国、马来半岛、缅甸等国,远航到印度去换取这些国家的特产。由于中国丝绸对世界各地具有极大的吸引力,东南亚、南亚乃至西亚、欧洲各国都派使节到中国通好,进行贸易交换,中国丝绸通过缅甸传到欧洲的大秦(罗马)。唐宋两代,伴随着北方少数民族的活跃以及我国造船、航海技术的长足发展,我国通往东南亚、马六甲海峡、印度洋、红海,及至非洲大陆航路的纷纷开通与延伸,海上丝绸之路替代了陆上丝绸之路,成为我国对外交往的主要通道。明代,中国航海家郑和携带大量丝绸、瓷器和铁器等赠品,率船队七下西洋,促进了中外政治、经济和科学文化的空前交流与发展,对世界的文化发展做出了贡献。

当前,顺应时势,建设21世纪“海上丝绸之路”将为环太平洋国家和地区提供难得机遇,必将有着更加美好的未来。

(1)请从文化生活角度,谈谈“海上丝绸之路”的开辟对促进中外文化交流与发展的作用。(12分)

(2)运用联系客观性原理,分析“海上丝绸之路”的形成与发展过程。(10分)

(3)有人认为“海上丝绸之路体现人类实践特点的重要活动”,请谈谈这一观点的合理性(4分)

答案

(1)①经济政治决定文化,经济政治上的交流合作必然带来文化交流的发展。“海上丝绸之路”的开辟为中外文化交流提供了物质基础。(3分)②商业贸易、人口迁徙是文化交流的重要途径,“海上丝绸之路”的开辟促进了中外商业贸易的发展,商船的行进和人员的往来也促进了文化交流(3分);③“海上丝绸之路”的开辟将中国的商品、技术传入国外,提升了中华文化的影响力,有利于中国学习和吸收世界各国的优秀文明成果,促进中华文化的发展(3分);④ “海上丝绸之路”推进了中外商品、技术的交流与借鉴,促进了中外文化在交流中发展(3分)。

(2)①联系是客观的,是事物本身固有的,不以人的意志为转移。(2分)②无论是自在事物的联系还是人为事物的联系都是客观的。“海上丝绸之路”属于人为事物的联系,它是人类实践的产物,各国使者、商人、传教士等人的来往造就了这条著名的“国路”,而它形成之后便独立于人的意识之外(4分)。③联系是客观的,但人们可以根据事物固有的联系,改变事物的状态,调整原有的联系,建立新的联系。人们通过“海上丝绸之路”,将东西方紧密联系在一起,“海上丝绸之路”的不断延伸是人们不断调整事物具体联系的体现(4分)。

(3)①实践具有客观物质性。“海上丝绸之路”的开辟离不开经济、交通和科技等物质条件的支持;②实践具有主观能动性。“海上丝绸之路”的开辟是人们有目的、有意识开展交往活动的结果;③实践具有社会历史性。“海上丝绸之路”的开辟是历史地发展着的,不同时期“海上丝绸之路”的延伸都受到当时历史条件的制约。(答对其中任意两点的满分)

题目分析:(1)该题以“海水丝绸之路”的开辟、形成和发展为材料,从文化生活的角度考查学生对所学知识的识记、理解和运用。“海上丝绸之路”的开辟对促进中外文化交流与发展的作用,从文化与经济政治相互交融、文化交流的重要途径、文化交流的意义等方面组织答案。

(2)该题原理指向性明确,对唯物辩证法联系的相关原理要熟练掌握和理解。“海上丝绸之路”属于人为事物的联系,联系是客观的,不以人的意志为转移,但人们在客观联系面前不是无能为力的,学生可以从以上几个方面理解回答。

(3)海水丝绸之路的开辟所体现的实践的特点,学生首先要对实践的特点熟练掌握和理解,并能结合材料内容对应分析每个特点。从实践具有客观物质性、主观能动性、社会历史性三个特点上分析。

填空题

B The Culture Debate in the US:Whose Culture Is This ,Anyway 美国的文化辩论:空间是谁的文化?
Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such (1) the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world (2) are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC.When we all ask (3) as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture " we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of (4) ; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " (5) belongs to us, to our culture " we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the (6) States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements If so, who gets (7) decide what those elements are
This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world (8) . In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is, (9) manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In (10) countries, equally crucial issues are at stake.
For many people, what is at stake is the character (11) US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, (12) that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in (13) ) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning (14) Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two (15) perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another.
Recognize that the position you (16) in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications (17) what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When (18) reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be (19) of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to (20) with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.

单项选择题