问题 改错题

危机意识是一个民族不断进取的基本素养。据所学知识回答问题。(13分)

(1)19世纪中期,俄国社会危机的突出表现是什么?日本民族危机的主要原因是什么?(2分)

(2)面对危机,俄、日都采取了回应措施。阅读下列选自《全球通史》的材料:

由于这些情况相结合,亚历山大二能在1861年3月1日颁布……法令。……这是俄国历史上的一个重大转折点。日本新领导人……并不对西方文明本身感到兴趣,而仅仅对其中增加了民族力量的那些组成成分感兴趣。……他们提出了一个非凡的改革方案,宗旨在于建立一个强大的日本,而不是完全模仿西方国家。
材料一材料二
请回答:

①材料一说的是哪个“法令”?为什么说它的实施是“俄国历史上的一个重大转折点”?(2分)

②据材料二,概括日本向西方学习的特点;举出“日本新领导人”在经济、社会生活上学习西方文明的举措(各一例);简述这些举措在解决民族危机方面的重大作用是什么?(1分)

③上述措施表明了俄国和日本解决危机的共同方式是什么?(1分)

(3)20世纪40年代初,中、美、苏等国共同面对的危机是什么?为了应对危机,1942年这些国家采取了哪一联合行动?有何影响?

(4)近年来,希腊债务危机成为世界关注焦点。你认为上述各国应对危机的方式,对解决希腊危机有何借鉴意义?(1分)

答案

(1)农奴制危机;美国侵入。(2分)

(2)①废除农奴制法令;俄国走上资本主义发展道路。(2分)

②有选择的向西方学习。殖产兴业(发展近代工业);提倡“文明开化”。摆脱了沦为殖民地和半殖民地危机。(4分)

③改革。(1分)

(3)法西斯侵略;签署《联合国家宣言》;建立反法西斯统一战线(为打败法西斯奠定了基础)。(3分)

(4)积极应对;深化改革;加强合作等。(1分)

(1)此问考查学生识记能力,首先,我们知道19世纪中期有俄国农奴制改革,为什么要改革,就是农奴制的危害,学生要学会反推;日本的民族危机主要原因是美国入侵。

(2)①1861年俄国农奴制改革,颁布的是农奴制法令,一定程度铲除了封建残余势力,使俄国走上资本主义道路。

②特点直接从材料归纳,提取即可;接着实际是考查明治维新在经济和社会方面的措施及其作用,考查识记能力。

③俄国和日本都是通过改革方式摆脱危机,走上资本主义道路,俄国是农奴制改革,日本你是明治维新。

(3)考查学生识记能力,由时间提示和国家提示可知是法西斯侵略;《联合国家共同宣言》即1942年1月1日,中、苏、美、英等26国在华盛顿发表的宣言,宣言表示赞成《决心共同战败德、日、意的法西斯侵略,不到侵略国无条件投降,决不和敌国单独议和,此宣言标志着反法西斯联盟正式形成。

(4)开放型题目,言之有理即可。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     From the time we were babies we have been taught manners. We are taught how to hold a knife and

fork and not to talk with our mouths full. We are taught how to shake hands and when to stand and when

to sit and the way to introduce people.

     Sometimes good manners in one place are very bad manners somewhere else. Almost everywhere

eating together means that people are very friendly to each other. But in parts of Polynesia(波利尼西亚)

it is bad manners to be seen eating beside each other. So they politely turn their backs to each other when

they are taking food.

      Some East Africans spit four times as a kind of blessing(祝福). They do it to show that they want a

sick person to get well or to bless a newborn baby. In most other places, spitting means something

completely different. It usually shows an unhealthy habit. In many countries, it may mean that you hate

someone.

     When we go to visit someone we say "Hello!"Or"How are you?" or things like that. But if you are

visiting an East African village, everyone will be very careful not to pay attention to you. The polite thing

there will be for you to go quietly, without speaking to anyone, and sit beside your friend. You should

wait until he has finished what he is doing and then he will begin talking to you.

     In a village in Arab, a visitor will walk behind all the tents until he gets to the one he wants to visit. If

he passes in front, he will be invited into each tent and asked to eat. It is rude to refuse.

1. From this passage we know ______. 

A. it's good manners to use a knife and fork to eat

B. it's bad manners to stand and talk

C. it's good manners not to talk with our mouths full

D. how to shake hands when we introduce people

2. In many places, spitting may mean______.

A. you give a new-born baby the blessing

B. you want a sick person to get well

C. you hate someone

D. you show your love to your relatives or friends

3. If you visit an East African village, you ______.

A. should say"Hello!"or"How are you?"to others

B. should talk to the villagers quietly

C. should be very careful and not to pay any attention to others

D. must wait until your friend has finished his work and then begin to talk to him

4. Which of the following is right?

A. Spitting four times is a way of blessing for some East Africans.

B. You should talk to an East African as soon as you see him or her.

C. Eating together is always a symbol of friendship.

D. You are supposed to turn your back to others when you are eating in China.

5. If you are visiting a village in Arab, ______.

A. you will walk all the tents until you get to the one you want to visit

B. the host will offer you meals whenever you come

C. you'd better carry a tent with you

D. you are supposed to offer a helping hand in repairing the villagers' tents

多项选择题