问题 改错题

历史的发展并非是一帆风顺的,常有危机伴随。(8分)

【绝处逢生】

19世纪中期的日本、美国和俄国都出现了社会危机,各国采取了不同的方式顺利度过了危机,走上富强道路。阅读下列材料回答问题。

材料一 佩里舰队到达日本材料二材料三
美国南方种植园主希望在西部新州使用黑人奴隶,而北方工厂主希望实行自由雇佣劳动制度。双方的矛盾不断升级,终于到了不用战争手段不能解决的程度。经过4年战争,最终以北方的胜利而告终。“政府竖立他的塑像是为了表彰这位女奴解放者的功劳。”

——莫斯科市长卢日科夫

(1)依据材料一指出日本面临危机所采取的应对措施。(1分)

(2)为什么说材料二中的战争促进了美国资本主义的发展?(1分)

(3)材料三中的“农奴解放者”最终使俄国历史发生了怎样的根本性转变?(1分)

【险象环生】

材料四

 

对峙中的两大集团             丑陋的“轴心”(柏林—罗马—东京)

(4)上面两幅图片反映了世界面临着怎样的危机形势?图片一最终导致了一战的爆发,一战后形成了怎样的世界格局?(2分)

【浴火重生】

材料五

材料六

(5)依据材料五指出戈尔巴乔夫改革失败造成的直接后果。(1分)

(6)材料六中“不平衡的跷跷板”反映的当今世界政治格局的基本特点是什么?这种特点反映了当今世界的主题是什么?(2分)

答案

(1)明治维新。(1分)

(2)废除了黑人奴隶制、维护了国家统一,进一步扫除了资本主义发展的障碍。(1分)

(3)废除了农奴制,使俄国走上资本主义道路。(1分)

(4)世界大战(战争或一战、二战)一触即发;(1分)凡尔赛—华盛顿体系。(1分)

(5)影响:两极格局终结(冷战结束或雅尔塔体系终结)。(1分)

(6)特点:出现了“一超多强”的局面(或多极化发展趋势)。(1分)和平与发展(1分

题目分析:

第(1)问,主要考查学生对日本明治维新的准确识记,解答本题的关键是准确理解材料,获取有效信息,材料中“19世纪中期的日本”告诉我们此图中日本遇到的危机是日本遭到西方殖民者的入侵,面对这一危机,日本采取的措施是进行了明治维新。

第(2)问,主要考查美国南北战争的相关史实,依据材料中“美国南方种植园主、黑人奴隶、北方工厂主、自由雇佣劳动制度……经过4年战争、以北方的胜利而告终。”等信息可以得出其指的是美国南北战争。经过这场战争,美国废除了奴隶制度,扫清了资本主义发展的又一大障碍,为以后经济的迅速发展创造了条件。

第(3)问,主要考查学生对俄国1861年改革的准确理解与认识,依据已学知识可知1861年改革是沙皇自上而下的资产阶级性质的改革,有利于俄国资本主义的发展,是俄国近代历史上的重大转折点。

第(4)问,主要考查学生对材料的的解读分析能力,依据材料中的三国同盟和三国协约、轴心(柏林—罗马—东京),这些关键词,可以得出两幅图片反映的分别是一战和二战前的危机形势;一战后,帝国主义国家通过巴黎和会和华盛顿会议,最终形成了凡尔赛——华盛顿体系。

第(5)问,主要考查学生对苏联历史的准确理解与认识,依据已学知识可知1985年戈尔巴乔夫上台后,首先把经济改革作为重点,但取得成果,后来又把政治作为重点。结果,苏联由一党制转变为多党制,国家权力分散,最终,1991年底,苏联解体,两极格局结束。

第(6)问,主要考查学生对当今世界格局的掌握。随着东欧剧变、苏联解体,美苏队里的两极格局不复存在,暂时形成了一超多强的局面,世界政治格局正朝着多极化方向发展;这反映出,和平与发展成为世界的发展趋势。

阅读理解

Since the gene, called DAF-16 in worms, was found in many animals and in humans, the finding could open up new ways to affect aging, immunity(免疫)and resistance in humans, the scientists said.

“We wanted to find out how normal aging is being governed by genes and what effect these genes have on other traits, such as immunity,” said Robin May of the University of Birmingham, who led the study.

Populations across the world are aging at a surprising pace, bringing potentially big challenges for health and social care systems. A study by Danish scientists last year found that half of babies born in the rich world today will live to celebrate their 100th birthdays. Scientists are eager to find out how people age to try to develop drugs to help them stay healthier as their lives extend.

“What we have found is that things like resistance and aging tend to go hand in hand,” May said in an interview.

May’s team compared longevity, stress resistance and immunity in four related species of worm. They also looked for differences in the activity of DAF-16 in each of the four species, and found that they were all quite distinct.

May said DAF-16 was active in most cells in the body and was very similar to a group of human genes called FOXO genes, which scientists believe play a role in the aging process.

“The fact that subtle(微妙的)differences in DAF-16 between species seem to have such an impact on aging and health is very interesting and may explain how differences in lifespan and related traits have arisen during evolution,” May said.

71. In which section may the text appear in a newspaper? 

A. Education.              B. Science.          C. Entertainment.         D. Culture.

72. According to May_________,.

A. resistance has a lot to do with aging

B. FOXO genes can be found in worms

C. genes play the same role in different species

D. new drugs will change the genes in older people

73. What can we know from the third paragraph?

A. New ways have been found to affect aging. 

B. Babies in the rich world will all live longer. 

C. Present social care systems are poorly managed.

D. Aging populations are causing more challenges.

74. From the text we know that DAF-16.

A. is a gene that is only found in worms

B. can make people live longer

C. has an effect on aging and immunity

D. has been quite familiar to scientists

75. What can be the best title of the passage?

A. Scientists Find Gene Linked to Aging

B. Population Aging Faster than Expected

C. How to Make People Live Longer

D. Gene Determines How Long We Live

单项选择题