问题 问答题 简答题

电能在高压网中有哪几种传输方式?它们各有哪些优点?

答案

参考答案:

在现有电网中,电能的传输主要有高压交流和高压直流输电两种输电形式,它们各有自己的优缺点,他们之间的相互比较如下:

(1)高压交流输电与高压直流输电相比,有下列优点:

1)交流电可高压发出。

2)交流变电站维护容易且费用低。

3)交流电压可以用变压器简单有效地升压和降压,因此可用高压输电,而用安全电压配电。

(2)高压直流输电与高压交流输电相比,则有下列优点:

1)直流输电只要求两根导线,而交流输电要三根。

2)无感抗、容抗、相位移和电压波动问题。

3)由于没有感抗,在相同的送端电压情况下,传输相同的负荷到同一地点,直流输电线的电压降比交流输电的小,因此直流输电线路的电压调节特性要优于交流输电。

4)直流系统中由于没有集肤效应,因此,导线的整个横截面都可以被利用。

5)在相同的工作电压情况下,的直流电网中的绝缘子上所承受的静电强度比交流电网中小,因此直流线路的绝缘要求低。

6)由于直流线路的电晕损失小,因此对通信线路的干扰较小。

7)高压直流输电没有介质损耗,特别是在电缆情况下。

8)由直流相联的两电网之间不存在稳定和同步困难等问题。

单项选择题
单项选择题


Smallpox was the first widespread disease to be eliminated by human intervention. A highly contagious viral disease, it was endemic in Europe, causing the death of millions of people until the development of vaccination by Edward Jenner around 1800. In many non- European nations, it remained a dreaded, often fatal illness until very recently.
In May 1966, the World Health Organization (WHO), an agency of the United Nations, was authorized to initiate a global campaign to eradicate smallpox. The goal was to eliminate the disease in one decade. At the time, the disease posed a serious threat to people in thirty nations. More than 700 physicians, nurses, scientists, and other personnel from WHO joined about 200,000 health workers in the infected nations to battle the disease. Because similar projects for malaria and yellow fever had failed, few believed that smallpox could actually be eradicated, but eleven years after the initial organization of the campaign, no cases were reported in the field.
The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations but also to isolate patients with active smallpox in order to contain the spread of the disease and to break the chain of human transmission. Rewards for reporting smallpox assisted in motivating the public to aid health workers. One by one, each smallpox victim was sought out, removed from contact with others and treated. At the same time, the entire village where the victim had lived was vaccinated.
By April 1978, WHO officials announced that they had isolated the last known case of the disease, but health workers continued to search for new cases for two additional years to be completely sure. In May 1980, a formal statement was made to the global community. Today smallpox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.

The word "they" underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ .

A.health workers

B.officials

C.victims

D.cases