问题 综合题

(09年辽宁卷)阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料:第一次世界大战爆发后,连那些素来都不问政治、清高脱俗的教授和学者也加入了“保卫祖国”的大合唱。爱因斯坦本人则公开声明自己是和平主义者,反对一切战争。他认为科学是全世界的,因此像躲避瘟疫一样,避开那些数不清的对炮弹、潜艇和飞机的研究。他说:“在我看来,战争是多么卑鄙、下流!我宁愿被千刀万剐,也不愿参与这种可憎的勾当。”

进入三十年代以后,爱因斯坦逐渐转变为积极的和平主义者。1933年4月,有人请求他出面援助因拒绝服兵役而被捕的比利时青年,他发表公开信回答说:“如果我是比利时人,在目前的形势下,我不会拒绝服兵役。我将愉快的参军。我相信,这将有助于拯救欧洲。”后来爱因斯坦移居美国。在得知希特勒动员力量进行核研究的消息后,他毅然给罗斯福总统写信,建议美国加快研究。

1945年,美国在长崎和广岛投掷了原子弹。爱因斯坦悔恨地认为是自己“按了按钮”,并表示如果知道德国人不会成功地制造原子弹,就一点忙都不会去帮了。他认为,消除原子弹对人类生存的威胁已经成为今天最迫切的问题,因而积极投身到反战和平运动中。

——摘编自布恩《爱因斯坦大传》

(1)根据材料,指出爱因斯坦和平主义思想的变化。

(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,简要评析爱因斯坦关于科学与战争关系的基本观点。

答案

(1)反对一切战争,用正义战争抗击非正义战争,消除导致战争的因素。

(2)科学不能为战争服务:迫不得已时科学应该帮助正义战争制止非正义战争;防止科学成果用于战争,威胁人类生存。从人道主义出发,体现了科学家的良知。

回答第(1)注意关键词“反对一起战争”“加快研究”。第(2)问考查战争客观上带动了科技的发展。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Mary is reading something about how to keep healthy on the Internet.

     Good sleep is important for your health. You need about eight hours’ sleep a night. Don’t eat or read in bed. A cup of milk before sleeping may help you get a good sleep. Go to bed before 10:00 and get up early every morning. For more information, please visit www. sleeping. com.

     How often do you exercise? If you want to stay healthy, you should do a lot of exercise. Try to exercise for 30 minutes a day, three or four times a week. For more information, please call Health Line at 180-2000.

      Studies show that the cold or flu virus(流感病毒) can live on our hands for long. So you should wash your hands often with soap and water. If you want to know more, please call Health Line at 180-1313.

Brush your teeth twice a day. And see a dentist at least (至少) once a year. The oral examination(口腔检查) is not only for the health of teeth, but the whole body. Please visit www. mydr. com for more information.      

1. If you want to get a good sleep, you should             before sleeping.         

A. stay up

B. read in bed

C. drink some milk

D. eat something

2. You should do exercise              to keep healthy.

A. many hours every day

B. ten minutes every day

C. 30 minutes a week

D. about 2 hours a week

3. To prevent from catching a cold or flu, it’s good for you            .       

A. to wash your hands often

B. to brush your teeth twice a day

C. to get up early every morning

D. to eat some healthy food

4. You should visit the dentist at least once a year, because            .        

A. you don’t often brush your teeth

B. the oral examination is necessary

C. it is good for the dentists

D. it can only keep your teeth healthy

5. If you want to learn more about flu, you can             .       

A. visit www. sleeping. com.

B. call Health Line at 180-2000

C. call Health Line at 180-1313

D. visit www. mydr. com

单项选择题