问题 实验题

(16分)某探究小组用HNO3与大理石反应过程中质量减小的方法,研究影响反应速率的因素。所用HNO3浓度为1.00 mol·L-1、2.00 mol·L-1,大理石有细颗粒与粗颗粒两种规格,实验温度为298 K、308 K,每次实验HNO3的用量为25.0 mL、大理石用量为10.00 g。

(1)请完成以下实验设计表,并在实验目的一栏中填出对应的实验编号:

实验

编号

T/K大理石

规格

HNO3浓度(mol·L-1)实验目的
298粗颗粒2.00(Ⅰ)实验①和②探究HNO3浓度对该反应速率的影响;

(Ⅱ)实验①和   探究温度对该反应速率的影响;

(Ⅲ)实验①和   探究大理石规格(粗、细)对该反应速率的影响;)

   
   
   
(2)实验①中CO2质量随时间变化的关系见下图:依据反应方程式CaCO3+HNO3=Ca(NO3)2+CO2↑+H2O,计算实验①在70~90 s范围内HNO3的平均反应速率为            。(可用分数表示)

(3)请在答题卡的框图中,画出实验②、③和④中CO2质量随时间变化关系的预期结果示意图。

答案

(16分)(1)②:298;粗颗粒;1.00;  ③:308;粗颗粒;2.00;

④:298;细颗粒;2.00

(Ⅱ)③(Ⅲ)④。(每空1分)

(2)v(HNO3)=△c(HNO3)/△t =" 1/110" mol·L-1·s-1(2分)

(3)如图:(3分)

(1)实验①和②探究HNO3浓度对该反应速率的影响,所以在实验②中改变的是硝酸的浓度,其余都是不变的,即硝酸的浓度是1.00mol/L;要探究温度对该反应速率的影响,则改变的条件就是稳定,即在实验③中温度是308℃,其余和实验①是相同的;要探究大理石规格(粗、细)对该反应速率的影响,则实验④中改变的应该是大理石的表面积,其余都是不变的。

(2)实验①在70~90 s范围内,生成CO2的质量是0.95g-0.85g=0.1g,所以根据方程式可知,消耗硝酸的物质的量是0.1/44×2mol,所以硝酸的反应速率是

mol·L-1·s-1

(3)考查外界条件对反应速率的影响。其它条件不变的情况下,参加反应的物质的浓度越大、或升高温度,或增大反应物的接触面积等均可以加快反应速率,所以正确的图像是(见答案)。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English

as much as possible. Sometimes you'll get your words mixed up( 混合 ) and people will not understand

you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can' t understand them. But if you keep your

sense of humor( 幽默感 ) , you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don't be

unhappy if  people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It's better for people to laugh at your mistakes

than to be angry with you , because they don't understand what you are saying. The most important thing

for learning English is : "Don't be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes."

1. The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is ____.                       

A. writing  

B. listening  

C. using it  

D. learning grammar

2. What should you do in learning English?

A. Be careful not to make any mistake.  

B. Write as quickly as you can.

C. Laugh more often.      

D. Speak English as much as you can.

3. When people laugh at your mistakes, you should ____.

A. not care                       

B. be happy

C. feel worried                  

D. be unhappy

4. When you make a mistake, you should ____.

A. keep quiet         

B. keep your sense of humor

C. be kind          

D. get angry

5. The story tells us : "_____".

A. Only foolish (愚蠢的) people make mistakes

B. Few people make mistakes

C. People never make mistakes

D. There is no one who doesn't make mistakes

单项选择题