问题 问答题 简答题

甲醇的化学性质有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

A、甲醇氧化生成甲醛、甲酸,燃烧生成二氧化碳。

CH3OH+1/2O2→HCHO+H2O

HCHO+1/2O2→HCOOH

CH3OH+3/2O2→CO2+2H2O

B、甲醇胺化生成甲胺

CH3OH+NH3→CH3NH2+H2O

2CH3OH+NH3→(CH3)2NH+2H2O

3CH3OH+NH3→(CH3)3N+3H2O

C、甲醇羰基化,生成醋酸

CH3OH+CO→CH3COOH

D、甲醇酯化生成各种酯类化合物

CH3OH+HCOOH→HCOOCH3+H2O

2CH3OH+H2SO4→(CH3)2SO4+2H2O

CH3OH+HNO3→CH3NO3+H2O

E、甲醇氯化,生成氯甲烷

CH3OH+Cl2+H2→CH3Cl+HCl+H2O

CH3Cl+Cl2→CH2Cl2+HCl

CH2Cl2+Cl2→CHCl3+HCl

CHCl3+Cl2→CCl4+HCl

F、甲醇与氢氧化钠反应生成甲醇钠

CH3OH+NaOH→CH3ONa+H2O

G、甲醇脱水

2CH3OH→(CH3)2O+H2O

H、甲醇与苯反应生成甲苯

CH3OH+C6H6→C6H5CH3+H2O

I、甲醇与光气生成碳酸二甲酯

2CH3OH+COCl2→(CH3O)2CO+2HCl

J、甲醇与二硫化碳反应生成二甲基亚砜

4CH3OH+CS2→2(CH3)2S+CO2+2H2O

3(CH3)2S+2HNO3→3(CH3)2SO+2NO+H2O

K、甲醇裂解

CH3OH→CO+2H2

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