问题 综合题

17、18世纪,世界历史经历着一场巨大的历史转折。在世界历史发生转折性变化的时候,能否跟上历史的步伐,是决定这个国家前途的关键问题。(16分)

问题:请联系中国,概括指出这一转折时期欧洲范围内在政治、经济、思想领域方面变革的主要表现及结果。

答案

政治方面:(6分)

17、18世纪,随着资本主义手工场经济的发展,商品经济逐步取代自然经济。人类社会由封建制度逐步向资本主义制度过度。这种过度大体通过革命和改革两条道路来实现的。(2分)

17世纪英国资产阶级革命的胜利,建立了君主立宪制的政治制度,宣告了资本主义制度的诞生;(1分)

18世纪后期的法国资产阶级革命,在从经济基础到上层建筑各个方面对封建旧制度进行全面、根本性的改造,为建立资本主义社会的基本原则做出贡献;(1分)

在改革方面,以俄国彼得一世改革为其典型代表,改革革除了俄国封建落后的东西,客观上促进了资本主义的发展。(1分)

同一时期的清政府保持现状,仍然采取重农抑商、闭关锁国政策,因而埋下了衰败的种子。(1分)

经济方面:(2分)

英国在新行路开辟之后,成为大西洋航运中心,并通过圈地运动、海外贸易和殖民掠夺,完成资本原始积累,18世纪60年代开始工业革命使英国很快就成为世界上第一个工业化强国。(1分)

而这时的清政府却采取限制对外贸易发展的政策,使中国的资本主义萌芽只能缓慢发展。(1分)

思想方面:(2分)

18世纪法国资产阶级的启蒙运动思想的广泛传播为资产阶级革命提供了条件;而中国明清之际崇实学风逐渐消失,清朝统治者更加严格控制人们的思想,中西文化交流也断绝。(2分)

17、18世纪,世界历史发生了巨大转折和变化:资本主义有了较大的发展,资产阶级革命以排山倒海之势冲击封建统治,欧洲封建君主竞相进行了改革,启蒙运动在欧洲兴起和发展以及殖民国家积极推行殖民扩张。而已经处于封建社会晚期的中国却危机四伏:自给自足的自然经济仍然占统治地位,土地高度集中,政治腐败,军备废弛,财政入不敷出,对外部的世界和时代的变化根本不了解。很显然,中国已经跟不上时代的步伐。

阅读理解

任务型阅读。

    Nowadays more and more people in the world are getting fatter, which troubles them a lot. In the past 25

years, the number of the people with obesity (肥胖症) in Europe has doubled. Experts say that it has a lot to

do with our eating habits.

    Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. Most of us like eating sweets and

ice cream better than meat and rice. Sweets and ice cream are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a

meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite (食欲).

    It's important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel worried or excited. We may

not want to eat. A long time ago, in England,some judges often decided whether a man was telling the truth

by giving him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow the bread, it meant that he wasn't telling the

truth. A man who is worrying something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry, because he loses his

appetite

根据短文内容,完成下列各题。

1. Do most people like eating sweets or meat?

                                                                                                         

2. What may happen to people when they feel worried or excited? 

                                                                                                          

3. Why did the judges give some dry bread to the man in old England?

                                                                                                          

4. What are good eating habits?

                                                                                                          

5. 请把文中划线的句子译成汉语。

                                                                                                           

单项选择题