问题 综合题

阅读下列材料

材料1  300年前,17世纪末,中国的康熙皇帝和俄国的彼得大帝善于吸收新鲜知识,康熙还向洋教士学证几何题;两个皇帝都锐意改革,康熙兴修水利,发展农业,改革税制,力度不可谓不大,也开创了“康乾盛世”,取得不少成绩。然而,俄国改革的效果却远远超过中国。

材料2  300年前,我们曾经有过惨痛的历史教训,康熙对当时的工业化萌芽不感兴趣。150年后,在新的海上航路使世界地域一体化进程中,1840年西方的工业经济产物——坚船利炮彻底打垮了中国小农经济大刀长矛,其实直到1860年中国和印度还分别居世界工业总产量(以手工业产量为主)的第一和第二位。—《21世纪社会的新趋势——知识经济》

回答:

(1)“康乾盛世”的繁荣是建立在什么经济基础上的?

(2)18世纪中后期西方国家的经济发生了什么变化?

(3)中国封建政府对萌芽状态中的资本主义采取什么政策?

(4)其影响如何?

(5)试以生产力和生产关系的原理分析中国、印度等国落后挨打、世界出现“东方从属于西方”局面的原因。

答案

(1)建立在小农经济与家庭手工业相结合的自然经济基础上。

(2)工业革命从英国开始,并逐渐向西欧和北美一些国家扩展,这些国家进入工业革命时代,社会生产力极大提高。

(3)清政府实行禁止或限制对外贸易的闭关政策,并顽固执行重农抑商政策,在国内设立大量关卡,对商品征收重税,并严格限制手工业生产规模。

(4)使我国资本主义萌芽长期处于缓慢发展的状态而与工业革命无缘。

(5)生产关系一定要适应生产力的状况,是人类社会发展的客观规律,生产力是推动人类社会发展的决定因素。从表现上看是西方的“坚船利炮”打垮了中国和印度的大刀长矛,是武器的胜利,实质上是西方先进的资本主义生产方式、资本主义制度战胜了落后的封建生产方式、封建制度。

解答第一问必须联系教材,“康乾盛世”是封建社会晚期经济发展的“回光返照”,繁荣的基础是自然经济的发展。18世纪中后期西方国家以英国为代表进入工业革命时代。中国虽然出现了资本主义萌芽却受到清朝封建政府的阻碍,闭关政策和重农抑商就是这种阻碍的反映;其影响是阻碍了资本主义萌芽的发展。

解答第二问侧重于理论分析,依据生产力与生产关系相互关系的理论,认识印度、中国“落后挨打”的实质是资本主义战胜封建主义。

完形填空
One evening, long after most people had gone to bed, a friend of mine and I         happily home through the          street. We had been to a music-hall and         about the people we had seen and heard in it.
“The show        him a star overnight, ” said my friend about one of them. “He was completely        before. And now thousands of people         him gifts and letters. ” “I thought him quite good, ”  I said , “ but not         thousands of letters . As a matter of       , one of his songs gave me a shock. It was too noisy. ” “What was that?” my friend asked me, “      it to me .” I began to sing. “Do be quiet. You will give everybody a shock and        them up for miles       , besides, there will be a policeman         us. ” My friend gave me a surprised look.
“Never mind. I don’t care. What is the matter?” I said and went on singing        the top of my voice .
Suddenly there came a policeman,       in front of me , his notebook       . “     , sir ,” he said , “You have a very good voice , if I       say so . Who taught you singing? I’d very much       to find someone who can give my daughter singing lessons. Would you be       to tell me your name and address? Then my wife and I would        you and we could discuss it .”
小题1:
A.wentB.was coming
C.was making our wayD.had lost our way
小题2:
A.calmB.crowdedC.silenceD.quiet
小题3:
A.were thinkingB.were talking
C.knewD.were discussing
小题4:
A.calledB.turnedC.namedD.made
小题5:
A.famousB.forgottenC.strangerD.unknown
小题6:
A.showB.writeC.sendD.brought
小题7:
A.worthyB.worthC.receivedD.accepted
小题8:
A.factB.factsC.a factD.the fact
小题9:
A.ReadB.SingC.SayD.Tell
小题10:
A.callB.pickC.wakeD.join
小题11:
A.longB.outC.aroundD.in
小题12:
A.observingB.afterC.besidesD.in front of
小题13:
A.withB.onC.inD.at
小题14:
A.stoodB.goingC.standingD.walking
小题15:
A.closingB.closedC.openD.gone
小题16:
A.Wait a minuteB.Stop singing C.I’m sorryD.Excuse me
小题17:
A.mayB.likeC.mustD.don’t
小题18:
A.likedB.wantedC.likeD.eager
小题19:
A.braveB.kind enoughC.willingD.honest
小题20:
A.tryB.drop inC.inviteD.visit
单项选择题