问题 实验题

(每空2分,共16分)某研究性学习小组为合成1-丁醇,查阅资料得知一条合成路线:

CH3CH===CH2+CO+H2CH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CH2CH2OH:

CO的制备原理:HCOOHCO↑+H2O,并设计出原料气的制备装置(如图)。

请填写下列空白:

(1)实验室现有锌粒、稀硝酸、稀盐酸、浓硫酸、2-丙醇,从中选择合适的试剂制备丙烯。写出化学方程式: ____________________________________________________________________________。

(2)若用以上装置制备H2,在虚线框内画出收集干燥H2的装置图。

(3)制丙烯时,还产生少量SO2、CO2及水蒸气,该小组用以下试剂检验这四种气体,混合气体通过试剂的顺序是________(填序号)

①饱和Na2SO3溶液 ②酸性KMnO4溶液 ③石灰水 ④无水CuSO4 ⑤品红溶液

(4)合成正丁醛的反应为正向放热的可逆反应,为增大反应速率和提高原料气的转化率,你认为应该采用的适宜反应条件是________。

a.低温、高压、催化剂                    b.适当的温度、高压、催化剂

c.常温、常压、催化剂                    d.适当的温度、常压、催化剂

(5)正丁醛经催化加氢得到含少量正丁醛的1-丁醇粗品,为纯化1-丁醇,该小组查阅文献得知:①R—CHO+NaHSO3(饱和)→RCH(OH)SO3Na↓ ;②沸点:乙醚34℃,1-丁醇118℃,并设计出如下提纯路线:

试剂1为________,操作1为________,操作2为________,操作3为________。

答案

(1)

(2)   

(3)④⑤①②③(或④⑤①③②)       (4)b

(5)饱和NaHSO3溶液 过滤 萃取 蒸馏

题目分析::(1)氢气可用活泼金属锌与非氧化性酸盐酸通过置换反应制备,氧化性酸如硝酸和浓硫酸与锌反应不能产生氢气,方程式为Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑;2-丙醇通过消去反应即到达丙烯,方程式为:(CH3)2CHOHCH2=CHCH3↑+H2O;(2)由于氢气的密度比空气小,故用向下排空气法;(3)检验丙烯可以用酸性KMnO4溶液,检验SO2可以用酸性KMnO4溶液褪色、品红溶液或石灰水,检验CO2可以石灰水,检验水蒸气可以无水CuSO4,所以在检验这四种气体必需考虑试剂的选择和顺序。只要通过溶液,就会产生水蒸气,因此先检验水蒸气;然后检验SO2并在检验之后除去SO2,除SO2可以用饱和Na2SO3溶液,最后检验CO2和丙烯,因此顺序为④⑤①②③(或④⑤①③②);

(4)由于反应是一个体积减小的可逆反应,所以采用高压,有利于增大反应速率和提高原料气的转化率;正向反应是放热反应,虽然低温有利于提高原料气的转化率,但不利于增大反应速率,因此要采用适当的温度;催化剂不能提高原料气的转化率,但有利于增大反应速率,缩短到达平衡所需要的时间,故正确所选项是b;(5)粗品中含有正丁醛,根据所给的信息利用饱和NaHSO3溶液形成沉淀,然后通过过滤即可除去;由于饱和NaHSO3溶液是过量的,所以加入乙醚的目的是萃取溶液中的1—丁醇。因为1—丁醇,和乙醚的沸点相差很大,因此可以利用蒸馏将其分离开。

点评:这是一道综合性比较强的题,包含了常见有机转换、化学反应速率、气体检验等,难度不大。

解答题
阅读理解

EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High school, customers pour into a special experiment :the district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.

Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.

By closing time at 9.20 a.m. , the shop usually sells 90drinks.

“whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schwartzman says it was good, ”Christy McKinley , a second year student , announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.

The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.

They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers.

Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.

Not that it was easy. Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was product-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content?

Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition(营养)guidelines.

The whole school has joined in to help.

Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室)in the morning. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups.

小题1:.What is the text mainly about?

A.A best-selling coffee.

B.A special educational program.

C.Government support for schools.

D.A new type of teacher-student relationship.小题2:The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to    .

A.raise money for school affairs

B.do some research on nutrition

C.develop students’ practical skills

D.supply teachers with drinks小题3:How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schwartzman’s opinion of the chi tea?

A.She met her in the shop.

B.She heard her telling others.

C.She talked to her on the phone.

D.She went to her office to deliver the tea.小题4:We know from the text that Ginger Gray       .

A.manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County

B.sees that the drinks meet health standards

C.teaches at Dixie Heights High School

D.owns the school’s coffee shop