问题 填空题

氨气是生产氮肥、硝酸、纯碱等的重要原料。

(1)实验室模拟合成氨。在恒温恒容密闭容器中按照甲、乙、丙三种方式分别投料(单位是mol /L),平衡时测得甲容器中H2的转化率为20%。

 N2H2NH3
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0.51.51
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①平衡时甲容器中氨气的浓度为           

②乙容器中开始反应时,v    v(填<、>或=)。

③达平衡时,甲、乙、丙三容器中NH3的体积分数由大到小的顺序为                          

(2)工业上以NH3和CO2为原料合成尿素[CO(NH2)2],反应的化学方程式为:

2NH3 (g)+ CO2 (g) CO(NH2)2 (l) + H2O (l),该反应的平衡常数和温度关系如下:

T / ℃165175185195
K111.974.150.634.8
 

①焓变ΔH_____0(填“>”、“<”或“=”)。

②在一定温度和压强下,若原料气中的NH3和CO2的物质的量之比(氨碳比)=x,下图是氨碳比(x)与CO2平衡转化率(α)的关系。α随着x增大而增大的原因是          

③右图中的B点处,NH3的平衡转化率为                    

答案

(9分)(1)①0.4 mol/L(2分) ②>(1分) ③丙>甲=乙(2分)

(2) ①<(1分)  ②c(NH3)增大,平衡正向移动(1分)    ③32%(2分)

题目分析:(1)①氢气的转化率是20%,则甲中消耗氢气的浓度是3mol/L×20%=0.6mol/L,则根据方程式N2+3H22NH3可知,生成氨气的浓度是0.4mol/L。

②乙容器中如果1mol/L氨气完全转化为氮气和氢气,在氮气和氢气的浓度是1mol/L和3mol/L,因此甲和乙容器是等效的。所以乙容器中平衡是氨气的浓度是0.4mol/L,小于1mol/L,因此平衡向逆反应方向进行,即v>v

③丙容器中相当于氮气和氢气的起始浓度是2mol/L和6mol/L,由于容器体积相等,所以丙容器相当于是在甲容器的基础上增大压强,平衡向生成氨气的方向移动,因此平衡时氨气的体积分数增大,则达平衡时,甲、乙、丙三容器中NH3的体积分数由大到小的顺序为丙>甲=乙。

(2)①根据表中数据可知,随着温度的升高,反应的平衡常数逐渐减小。这说明升高温度平衡向逆反应方向移动,因此正方应是放热反应,则焓变ΔH<0。

②x值越大,即c(NH3)增大,促使平衡向正反应方向移动,因此CO2的转化率增大。

③根据图像可知,B点表示x=4.0,CO2的转化率是64%。设CO2的物质的量是n,则氨气的物质的量是4n。反应中消耗CO2的物质的量=0.64n,则根据方程式可知,消耗氨气的物质的量=0.64n×2=1.28n,因此氨气的转化率=×100%=32%。

解答题
单项选择题

I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low paid job. Money was always tight, but we had a (1) over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs, and if not a lot, always (2) . Not knowing we were poor, my kids just thought I was (3) . I’ve always been glad about that.

It was Christmas time, and although there wasn’t (4) for a lot of gifts, we planned to celebrate with a family party. But the big (5) for the kids was the fun of Christmas (6) .

They planned weeks ahead of time, asking (7) what they wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, I had saved MYM120 for (8) to share by all five of us.

The big (9) arrived. I gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill and (10) them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered. We had two hours to shop; then we would (11) back at the "Santa’s Workshop"

Driving home, everyone was in high Christmas spirits, (12) my younger daughter, Ginger, who was unusually (13) She had only one small, flat bag with a few candies—fiftycent candies I was so angry, but I didn’t say anything (14) we got home. I called her into my bedroom and closed the door, (15) to be angry again. This is what she told me.

"I was looking (16) thinking of what to buy, and I (17) to read the little cards on the ’Giving Trees’. One was for a little girl, four years old, and all she (18) for Christmas was a doll. So I took the card off the tree and (19) the doll for her. We have so much and she doesn’t have anything. "

I never felt so (20) as I did that day.

14()。

A.forced 

B.reminded 

C.invited 

D.begged