问题 填空题

向某密闭容器中加入0.15 mol/L A、0.05 mol/L C和一定量的B三种气体。一定条件下发生反应,各物质浓度随时间变化如图中甲图所示[t0时c(B)未画出,t1时增大到0.05 mol/L]。乙图为t2时刻后改变反应条件,平衡体系中正、逆反应速率随时间变化的情况。

(1)若t4时改变的条件为减小压强,则B的起始物质的量浓度为_____mol/L。

(2)若t5时改变的条件是升温,此时v(正)>v(逆),若A的物质的量减少0.03 mol时,容器与外界的热交换总量为akJ,写出该反应的热化学方程式_______。

(3)若t1=15s,则t0~t1阶段以C浓度变化表示的平均反应速率为v(C)=_______ mol/L,A的转化率为________。

(4)t3时改变的某一反应条件可能是________(选填序号)。

a.使用催化剂

b.增大压强

c.增大反应物浓度

答案

(1)0.02

(2)3A(g)2C(g)+B(g) ΔH=+100a kJ·mol-1

(3)0.004 60% (4)a、b

这是一道反应速率及其影响因素与平衡移动的综合性题目。

(1)t4时,减小压强,v(正)、v(逆)以同等倍数下降,说明反应前后化学计量数之和相等,由A、C浓度变化曲线知,到t1时,A、C的浓度变化量为Δc(A)=0.15-0.06=0.09(mol·L-1),Δc(C)=0.11-0.05=0.06(mol·L-1),即A、C的化学计量数之比为0.09∶0.06=3∶2,故反应式为3A(g)2C(g)+B(g),则B的起始浓度为0.05-0.03=0.02(mol·L-1)。

(2)因升温,v(正)>v(逆),平衡正向进行,故此反应为吸热反应,其热化学反应方程式为3A(g)2C(g)+B(g)

ΔH=+100a kJ·mol1

(3)v(C)= =0.004 mol·L1·s1

α(A)=  ×100%=60%。

(4)乙图中t3时刻v(正)、v(逆)以同等倍数增大,故应是增大压强或加入催化剂。

多项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的要求)。

          Anger and bitterness may affect your health. According to a research,forgiveness may help

you keep healthy,both physically and mentally.

     Forgiveness-giving up anger toward another- can greatly reduce your body's anger and

stress responses,which affect your mental and physical health. Research conducted by the University

of Michigan's institute for Social Research has showed that people who for-give themselves and

others experience reduced feelings of restlessness,nervousness and hopelessness. Other researches

have found forgiveness can also lower blood pressure and heart rates.

     "Stress worsens pain,tightens muscles and influences the smooth running of the immune(免疫)

system." says Fred Luskin,director of the Forgiveness Project at Stanford University." People think

they have unlimited storage of anger that will never do harm to their health,but they are quite wrong."

     And good news:You don't have to be Gandhi to forgive others or ask for forgiveness." Forgiveness

is a teachable skill,which you can learn just like you learn to play the piano." says Luskin.

     Remember these tips when learning to forgive:

     Commit yourself. Do whatever you have to do to feel better. Forgiveness is for you not______.

     Grasp the truth. Recognize that your primary bitterness comes from the hurt feelings and physical

upset you suffer now,not what offended or hurt you 2 minutes or 10 years ago.

     Meet positive goals. Instead of mentally replaying your hurt,seek a new and positive future.

     Live well. remember that a life well lived is the most important. Stop focusing on wounded

feelings-that gives the person who caused your pain power over you. Instead,look for love,beauty

and kindness around you.

1. What's the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 8 words.)

                                                                                

2. List three feelings that forgiveness can reduce based on the text.(Please answer within 9words.)

  ①_________________________________________________________________________

  ②_________________________________________________________________________

  ③_________________________________________________________________________

3.Fill in the blank with proper words to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 6 words.)

                                                                                

4. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

    Keep in mind that living a good life is of vital significance.

                                                                                

5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.