问题 问答题 简答题

渣口操作有哪些要点?如何考核?

答案

参考答案:

渣口操作要点如下:

(1)做好放渣前的准备工作,主要包括:

1)清理渣沟内残渣,叠好拨流闸板;

2)用渣罐的高炉,检查各罐位的渣罐是否配到位,罐内是否有盖,积水等;冲水渣的高炉,检查冲渣水量水压是否达到规定水平;

3)检查堵渣机是否灵活,放渣工具是否齐全;

4)检查渣口是否漏水,各套固定楔子是否处于紧固状态,泥套是否完好。

(2)放渣过程中应注意:

1)放渣时间。确切的时间应按下料批数核算,一般在堵铁口后50min左右炉渣已超过渣口中心线,开始放渣。有两个渣口的先放低渣口,再放高渣口。如果打开渣,口往外冒煤气,没有渣或渣流很小,说明炉渣尚未到达渣口水平,此时应堵上渣口,稍后再放。

2)放渣后注意观察渣流和渣口情况,特别要注意渣中带铁情况(根据渣流表面细小火星多少判断),如果带铁严重,应堵上渣口片刻再放,以避免渣口烧坏。如发现渣口破损应立即堵上,报告工长,待出完铁后,休风更换。

3)如果炉缸内积存渣量过多,可同时两个渣口放渣。

4)铁口打开后,上渣流仍然较大时,可以再放一些时间后堵渣口。

(3)考核指标。生产上把从渣口放出的炉渣称为上渣,从铁口与铁水一起排出的炉渣称为下渣,考核渣口工作的指标,有的厂用上渣率,有的厂用上下渣比。一般要求上渣率要在70%以上,上下渣比为3:1。

(4)渣口事故及处理。渣口事故有以下几种:

1)渣口堵不上。原因有堵渣机塞头运行轨迹偏离中心线,泥套破损使塞头不能正常入内以及两者带有凝铁等。这要求加强堵渣机的维护及交接班时的试堵,保持泥套和塞头完好,堵不上可酌情减风堵,或用堵耙人工堵好。

2)渣口冒渣和自行流渣。这是由于换上新渣口时没有上严,塞头退出过早或过猛,小套固定销松动等。要严格按规程换渣口,清理于净后再换,挨上新的渣口要上严拧紧;不要过早拔堵渣机,拔时先用锤击打活塞头再拔;如发现渣壳薄和自行流渣应立即堵上渣口。

3)渣口爆炸。这是由于炉缸内铁水面过高超过渣口、炉缸堆积使渣口附近有积铁,以及渣中带大量铁,如果渣口小套漏水更易造成爆炸。防止渣口爆炸要求当炉缸存铁过多而不能正点出铁时,应减风控制渣铁生存数量;严禁坏渣口放渣;发现渣中带铁严重时,应立即堵渣口;处理炉缸冻结或严重堆积时应用砖套制成渣口放渣等。

填空题
单项选择题

Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each other’s deficiencies and build on each other’s strengths.

Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.

Current research gives much deeper—and more surprising—insight into the father’s role in child-rearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play. From their children’s birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize play more than caretaking. The father’s style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills. It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mothers play more at the child’s level. They seem willing to let the child direct play.

Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy. In one study of 2.5-year-olds who were given a choice, more than two-thirds chose to play with their father.

The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement. It is particularly important in promoting self-control. According to one expert, "children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable. " They learn when to "shut it down. "

At play and in other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiative, risktaking and independence. Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. On the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing even higher, while mothers are cautious, worrying about an accident.

We know, too, that fathers’ involvement seems to be linked to improved verbal and problem-solving skills and higher academic achievement. Several studies found that along with paternal strictness, the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a p predictor of their daughters’ verbal ability.

For sons the results have been equally striking. Studies uncovered a p relationship between fathers’ involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons. Other studies found a relationship between paternal nurturing and boys’ verbal intelligence.

According to Paragraph 3, one significant difference between the father’s and mother’s role in child-rearing is ().

A. the style of play encouraged

B. the amount of time available

C. the strength of emotional ties

D. the emphasis of intellectual development