The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator. "
In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…
What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially cooled space inside an artificially heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges

A．People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B．Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C．Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D．People had effective ways to preserve their food.

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     There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art. Washington, D.C. has

the National Gallery of Art (美术馆); Paris has the Luvre; London, the British Museum. Florida International

University (FIU) in Miami also shows art for people to see. And it does so without a building, or even a wall for

its drawings and paintings. FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States.

You don'[t have to visit the University to see the art. You just need a computer linked to a telephone. You can

call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it. All of the art is stored

in the school computer. It is computer art, produced electronically by artists on their own computers. In only a

few minutes, your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.

     Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum. He says he starts the museum because computer

artists had no place to show their works.

     A computer artist can only record his pictures electronically and send the records, or floppy discs, to others

to see on their computers. He can also put his pictures on paper. But to print good pictures on paper, the

computer artist needs an expensive laser printer.

     Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mostly for art or computer students at schools and universities. Many of the pictures in the museum are made by students. Mr Shostak said the FIU museum will make

computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it. He says artists enjoy their work

much more if they have an audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge

audience for the electronic museum.

1. The main purpose of this text is to give information about _____.

A. museums throughout the world

B. an electronic art museum in Miami, U.S.A.

C. art exhibitions in Florida International University

D. latest development of computer art

2. To see the art in FIU museum, you need _____.

A. floppy discs

B. a computer and a printer

C. pictures and drawings on paper

D. a computer connected to the museum by telephone line

3. The museum was started when _____.

A. Robert Shostak wanted to do something for computer scientists

B. Robert Shostak wanted to help computer artists

C. art students needed a place to show their works

D. computer scientists wanted to do something about art

4. The words "an audience"in the last paragraph refer to _____.

A. art students

B. computer owners

C. exhibits in the museum

D. those who will enjoy art