问题 问答题 简答题

对某些药物需要进行治疗药物监测的主要原因是什么?

答案

参考答案:

(1)药效学原因有:①安全范围窄、治疗指数低的药物;②以控制疾病发作或复发为目的的用药;③不同的治疗目的需不同的血药浓度;④药物过量中毒;⑤药物治疗无效的原因查找。

(2)药动学原因有:①已知治疗浓度范围内存在消除动力学方式转换的药物;②首过消除强及生物利用度差异大的药物;③存在影响药物体内过程的病理情况;④长期用药及可能产生药动学相互作用的联合用药。

单项选择题

Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, l despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.

Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully Came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.

I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever- tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.

By saying "it is... the rainbow"(Line 2, Para. 1), the author means pink()

A. should not be the sole representation of girlhood

B. should not be associated with girls’ innocence

C. cannot explain girls’ lack of imagination

D. cannot influence girls’ lives and interests

填空题