问题 问答题 简答题

简述所得课税的特征。

答案

参考答案:

所得课税是对所有以所得额为课税对象的税种的总称。所得课税具有四个方面的特征:

(1)税负相对公平。所得课税是以纯收入或净所得为计征依据,并一般实行多所得多征、少所得少征的累进征税办法,合乎量能课税的原则。同时,所得课税往往规定起征点、免征额及扣除项目,可以在征税上照顾低收入者;不会影响纳税人的基本生活。

(2)一般不存在重复征税问题,不影响商品的相对价格。所得课税是以纳税人的总收入减去准予扣除项目后的应税所得额为课征对象;征税环节单一,只要不存在两个以上课税主体,则不会出现重复征税,因而不致影响市场的运转。所得税的应税所得额不构成商品价格的追加,且不易转嫁,因而一般不会干扰各类商品的相对价格。

(3)有利于维护国家的经济权益。在国际经济交往与合作不断扩大的现代社会,跨国投资和经营的情况极为普遍,于是就必然存在跨国所得。对跨国所得征税是任何主权国家应有的权益,这就需要利用所得税可以跨国征税的天然属性,参与纳税人跨国所得的分配,维护本国权益。

(4)课税有弹性。所得来源于经济资源的利用和剩余产品的增加,从长远来看,随着资源利用效率的提高,剩余产品也会不断增长,因而所得课税不仅税源可靠,而且可根据国家的需要灵活调整,以适应政府支出的增减。

单项选择题
单项选择题

B


Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and street are millions of new cars are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads of filling cars with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!
Most Americans find it hard to think what life would be without a car. However some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars. The polluted air is poisonous(有毒的) and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of(排除)the polluted air is to build a new kind of car. That’s what several of the large car factories are trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of the car engine(发动机) by something else. Engineers are now working on some new cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some change in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their cars. They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike. Riding a bike is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily — a large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closed down. And the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment(失业).
Although cars have brought us a better life, they have also brought us new problems.

Which fact does the passage provide ( )

A.About one sixth of American workers are working in car factories.

B.The best way to get rid of air pollution is to change the car engine by something else.

C.It isn’t easy to change the way of life in the USA.

D.In the USA bikes will surely take the place of cars in the future.