材料一　1917年因两个事件――俄国革命和美国参战――而被证明是决定性的一年。这些事件改变了战争性质――从最初为欧洲问题而开战，实质上是欧洲的战争转变为全球范围的战争。诚然，1914年8月21日日本已参加这场战争，但它只是私自占据了太平洋上几个分散的德国殖民地。而现在，美国的加入则意味着一个迅速决定战争结果的非欧洲大国的介入。

――斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

（1）材料一中，斯塔夫里阿诺斯对这场战争提出了怎样的观点？依据是什么？（4分）

材料二　在世界历史整体发展进程中始终伴随战争与和平的较量．一方面，战争使国际社会走向无序状态，世界历史整体发展趋势受队，和平秩序遭到破坏；另一方面，战争对文明的摧毁又促使人民寻求和平作出努力，国际社会因此走向有序状态。近代以来，人类社会经历无数次战火洗礼，世界规模的大战给人类社会造成巨大损失，这也促使人们探索和平的途径。

――杨泽喜《世界历史整体发展的启示》

（2）根据材料并结合相关史实，说明战争对世界历史整体发展的影响。（4分）

材料三　两年以后，当德国军队违反条约而大举侵入苏联的时候，斯大林仍然认为他背着到莫斯科谈判的英法军事代表团而同希特勒进行的这笔五恶的交易是有理的．1941年7月3日他在对苏联人民的广播中自吹自擂地说：“我们保证了我国获得一年半的和平及准备自己的力量来回击敌人的可能，如果法西斯德国敢于胃险违反条约来进犯我国的话，因此这毫无提义，是我们底了，而法西斯德国输了。”

材料四　俄罗斯 * * 普京指出：“毫无疑问，完全有理由可以遮责193.9年8月签署的《莫洛托夫――里宾特洛甫条约》（即《苏德互不慢犯条约》），在我国该条约的非道德性质得到了单一的议会评价……（但是）就此认为《苏德互不侵犯条约》是扣动第二次世界大战的‘唯一的扳机’并不准确，因为之前一年法国和英国在慕尼黑和希特勒签署了著名的绥靖条约，，使建立统一的反法西斯同盈的所有希望全部破灭．况且，当时的苏联外交界完全有理由认为，拒绝德国提出的签署互不俊犯条约的建议至少是不理智的。”

――2009年8月31日俄罗斯《晨报》

（3）斯大林和普京对《苏德互不侵犯条约》的评价有何异同？（5分）

材料五　1945年9月2日的东京受降仪式在美国最大战舰“密苏里”号上举行，美国五星上将、驻日总司令道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟向全世界人民发表讲话：“今天，枪炮沉双了，一场大悲剧结束了。一个伟大的胜利赢得了。……我们体验了失致的病苦和胜利的喜悦，从中领悟到决不能走回头路。我们必须前进，在和平中维护在战争中底得的东西……”

――《第二次世界大战》

（4）针对材料五中麦克阿瑟对二战的反思和认识。举一典型事例说明二战后美国并未真正做到“不能走回头路”。（2分）

When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family,friends,and colleagues.Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail ,I have an endless seriers of advertisement and otner correspondence that do not interest the at all.If we want e-mail to continue to be useful,we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.

If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam，the problem will certainly get much worse。Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly 。as more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products ，individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails。Would people continue to use e-mail if they ahd to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time？

This problem is troubling for inviduals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.Companies rely on e-mail on on e-mail for their Comployees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local commnications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.such a situationg results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks.These computer problems raise productton costs of companies ,which are,in the end,passed on to the consumer.

For these reasons,I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam.Spammers should be fined,and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently,but spam is destroying this conwenience.

1.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean?                                                         

A.messages     B.ideas          C.connections         D.programs

2.According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?     

A.Companies rely on e-mail for communications.

B.More people in the world communicate by e-mail.

C.Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.

D.More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.

3.According to Paragraph 3,who is the final victim of spam?            

A. The business                B. The advertiser        

C.The employee               D.The consumer

4.What is the purpose of the text?

A.To inform                 B.To educate                 C.To persuade               D.To instruet