问题 问答题 简答题

什么是循环式光合磷酸化?产物是什么?对光合作用有什么意义?

答案

参考答案:

将光合作用的循环式电子传递中建立的质子梯度与ADP的磷酸化相偶联,合成ATP的过程称为循环式光合磷酸化。循环式光合磷酸化的产物仅为ATP,无NADPH和分子氧。循环式光合磷酸化约占光合磷酸化的10~20%,特别是NADP+不足时,所占的比例更大,因此它对光反应中产生的ATP和NADPH的比例具有调节作用。

由于NADP+接收电子被还原时,同时需要从叶绿体基质中摄取一个H+,如果基质中NADP+浓度不高,或NADPH的浓度过高,说明NADPH与ATP的比例失调,需要加以调整。调整的机制是将电子回传给细胞色素b6/f复合物,细胞色素b6/f复合物是一种质子泵,得到电子从而有足够的自由能将基质中的H+跨膜传递到类囊体腔,使类囊体腔中质子梯度升高,高浓度的H+质子通过CF1CF0-ATP合酶的H+通道返回叶绿体基质,从而促进了ATP的合成。其结果,调整了光反应中ATP和NADPH的比值,有利于CO2的固定。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by

practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent

sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking. Educators call it

"automaticity (自动性)".

     A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice,

he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrase (短语). With automaticity, he doesn't have to think

about the meaning of words, so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.

     It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman

of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three

times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams.

    According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount (数量) of time a child spends reading,

not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or

newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for

reading at home.

     You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable (适合) for your level. If you read

aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an automatic

reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more

practice.

1. "Reading is the key to school success" means that reading __________.

A. helps school develop faster

B. is a key to a successful school

C. helps students go to a key school

D. can improve students' learning results

2. Children with "automaticity" can read faster because they __________.

A. know how to read the words

B. do not have to think while reading

C. read by themselves without any help

D. pay attention to the meaning of the text

3. Rossman tells that any child who __________  will possibly be an automatic reader.

A. turns off TV one night 4 weeks

B. reads books by the word quickly

C. spends an hour reading every day

D. gets the same grades as others in exams

4. The underlined word "stumble" in the passage means "__________" in Chinese.

A. 结结巴巴地读                      

B. 全神贯注地读

C. 心不在焉地读                      

D. 声情并茂地读

5. The best title for the passage is  "__________".

A. IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity

B. TV Is Bad for Children's Reading

C. Automaticity Depends on Practice

D. Automatic Reads Will Be Successful

问答题