问题 问答题 简答题

什么是细胞分选?基本原理是什么?

答案

参考答案:

用流式细胞计将特定的细胞分选分选出来的技术,分选前,细胞要被戴上特殊的标记。所用的标记细胞的探针是能够同待分选细胞表面特征性蛋白(抗原)结合的抗体,而这种抗体又能够同某种荧光染料结合。当结合有荧光染料的探针与细胞群温育时,探针就会同具有特异表面抗原的细胞紧紧结合,由于抗体的结合,被结合的细胞带上了荧光标记。

细胞被标记之后,除去游离的抗体,并将细胞进行稀释。当稀释的细胞进入超声波振荡器时,极稀的细胞悬浮液形成很小的液滴,一个液滴中只含有一个细胞。液滴一旦形成并通过激光束时,激光束激发结合在细胞表面抗体分子成为一种标签。当液滴逐个通过激光束时,受到两种检测器的检测:如果液滴中含有细胞就会激活干涉检测器(interference detector),只有带有荧光标记细胞的液滴才会激活荧光检测器(fluorescence detector)。当带有荧光标记的液滴通过激光束时,将两种检测器同时激活,引起液滴充电信号使鞘液带上负电荷。

由于液滴带有负电荷,移动时就会向正极移动,进入到荧光标记细胞收集器中。如果是含有非荧光标记细胞的液滴进入激光束,只会被干涉检测器检测到,结果使充电信号将液滴的鞘液带上正电荷,从而在移动时偏向负极,被非荧光标记细胞收集器所收集。如果是不含有细胞的液滴进入激光束,则不会被任何检测器所检测,因而不会产生充电信号,液滴的鞘液不会带上任何电荷,所以在移动时不受任何影响直接进入非检测的收集器。

单项选择题
填空题

Why must we pay taxes The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example, to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc, and to buy goods from abroad ; and only the people of the country can supply the money. One of the most important taxes is income-tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income, whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner or anything else. This is called a "direct" tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government. Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, new clothes, tobacco, wine, etc, when they are brought into a country. Such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are late sold in shops. We call it "indirect" tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers. People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, to see that men obey the laws, to direct traffic, etc, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education, and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we can’t have an army without paying for it. Besides, if a country wants to develop, there are many other things to do... Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We buy our food and clothes and pay for our amusements; but, there are several things that the State finds the money for, and that is necessary for us if our society is to continue. We have no real reason to complain, therefore, when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.

Title: (46)
Governments need (47)
for many things to do
  • a. (48) its soldiers, sailors and airmen
  • b. (49) roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc
  • c. (50) goods from abroad
Kinds of taxes and tax-payers a. (51) , which is paid by people whose income is over a certain amountb. (52) , which is paid through the shopkeepers
The function of tax Guarantee the (53) and the (54) of a country
(55) Taxes can not be avoided