问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,回答小题。(17分)

自由、幸福和荣誉

西蒙 波利瓦尔

先生们:

刚才我以哥伦比亚总统身份所作的神圣宣誓,对我来说是一个道德协定,它倍增了我服从法律和听命祖国的义务。只是出于对最高意志的深切尊重,才迫使我接受了最高行 * * 力的巨大义务。此外,我对人民的代表们的感激之情促使我接受这一令人欣愉的使命,继续以我的财产、我的鲜血乃至我的尊严提供服务,保卫这部关系到由自由、幸福和荣誉联结起来的两个兄弟人民的权利的宪法。与独立一起,哥伦比亚宪法将开创一个神圣的纪元,我愿在这一事业中作出牺牲。为此,我将走遍哥伦比亚各地,去粉碎厄瓜多尔国民们的枷锁,并在他们获得自由以后,邀请他们加入哥伦比亚。

先生们,我期望你们授权于我,以仁慈的纽带联结由天地万物和上帝赐予兄弟情谊的各国人民。在以你们的智慧和我的热忱完成这项工程以后,除了和平以外,在给予哥伦比亚所需要的一切——幸福、安逸和荣誉方面,我们什么也不缺了。先生们,到那时候,我热切的希望,不要对我的良知和名誉大声疾呼地要求我只当一名普通公民的呼声充耳不闻。我感觉到了放弃共和国首脑职位的必要性。人民把这个职位视为心灵的元首。我在战争中成长,是一个由历次战斗推上元首职位的人。命运支配我,胜利确认我留在这个地位上。但是,这些并不是由法律、幸运和民族意志认可的资格。曾经统治哥伦比亚的利剑不是阿斯特雷亚的天平,而是对邪恶天性的鞭笞。有时,天国让这种邪恶降临人间,以惩罚独裁者和儆戒各国人民。在和平的日子里,这把利剑没有任何用处。和平到来之日,应该是我的权利结束之时,因为我曾经如此发誓过,对哥伦比亚作过许诺,也因为在一个人民不能确保行使其权力的地方,是不会有共和制度的。像我这样的人,在一个平民政府中任职是危险的,是对国家主权的直接威胁。为了自身的自由,也为了大家的自由,我愿做一个公民。我宁要公民的身份而不要解放者的称号,因为解放者的称号源于战争,而公民的身份来自法律。先生们,请你们把我的一切头衔改为优秀公民的称号吧。

(1821年10月3日)

小题1:西蒙·玻利瓦尔放弃共和国首脑职位的原因是什么?(4分)

小题2:请概括一下这篇演讲辞的主题。(5分)

小题3:西蒙·波利瓦尔一方面要作领袖,通过战争解放拉丁美洲,一方面又厌恶战争,愿做一个公民,这不是矛盾的吗?请探究一下。(8分)

答案

小题1:西蒙 玻利瓦尔认为自己是一个由历次战斗推上元首职位的人,不具备由法律、幸运和民族意志认可的资格,而共和制国家需要法律认可的总统。

小题1:这篇演讲辞充分表达了西蒙玻利瓦尔对国家和人民的热爱,为自由和平献身的决心和甘做普通公民的虚怀若谷的精神。

小题1:在西蒙玻利瓦尔看来,战争是惩罚独裁者和解放各国人民的利剑,是取得胜利的保证,而在和平的日子里,这把利剑没有任何用处,也就是说一个拥有了主权的国家所需要的不是独裁,不是战争,而是和平环境下的自由和法律。(言之有理即可)

小题1:可从文中概括得出。

小题1:本题考查“概括作者在文中的观点态度”考点,能力层次为C,侧重“分析综合”能力的考查。要求理解作者在文中所表明的观点、态度,能进行正确的分析、归纳。

小题1:本题考查“对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读”考点,能力层次为F,侧重“探究”能力的考查。这是一道探究题。答题之前,先对作品有充分的了解和准确的把握。面对一篇陌生的文学作品,要善于抓住关键语句,理清全文脉络,明白作品所表达的主题,对全文有一个整体认识和把握。具体答题时,还要切忌脱离文本,想当然地去套用鉴赏术语,避免空洞抽象的泛泛而谈或不着边际的任意罗列,更不能根据个人的主观喜好冠作隧意的褒贬。本题可以从客观与主观两方面去思考。

多项选择题
阅读理解

   Paul Zindel’s death on March 27,2003 ended the brilliant life of a famous writer. Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary(当代的) literature for young adults(成人). The Pigman, published in 1968, is still one of the most well-known and widely-taught novels in the genre. The American Library Association has named it one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for Young Adults published between 1967 and 1992, and Zindel’s autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the 100 Best of the Best Books published for teenagers during the last part of the twentieth century. Six of Zindel’s books, in fact, have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and most of his recent horror books-such as The Doom Stone and Rats-have been chosen as Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature. With his passing, young readers, teachers, and librarians have lost a great friend.

56.Which of Paul Zindel’s books was the most popular with young adults in the 20th century?

A.The Pigman.                  B.The Doom Stone.

C.The Pigman and Me.              D.The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds.

57.Why was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize?

A.His books were widely read by children.

B.His books were interesting and helpful to adults.

C.He made great contributions to contemporary literature.

D.He wrote a number of horror books for young adults.

58.When did Paul Zindel win the ALAN Prize?

A.In 2002.                        B.In 2003.

C.Between 1967 and 1992.           D.Between 2002 and 2003.

59.Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage.

a.The Pigman and Me was one of the Best Books for teenagers.

b.Zindel was one of the earliest writers who wrote for adults only.

c.The Doom Stone and Rats are not popular with young adults.

d.Zindel was given four prizes for literature before he died.

e.At least eight of Zindel’s books were very popular in his times.

A.c, d, e         B.a, b, c      C.a, b, d         D.a, d, e