问题 问答题 论述题

“否定精灵”梅非斯特形象分析。

答案

参考答案:

梅非斯特是《浮士德》中的另一种重要人物,是一个来自北欧传说和基督教传统的形象(即《圣经》中的撒旦)。他在诗中是作为浮士德的对立面出现的。

这是生活中玩世不恭的虚无主义典型,是情欲的化身,“恶”的代表,同时也是一个象征、寓意型的形象。

梅非斯特是情欲的化身,寡廉鲜耻是他的本性。美非斯特主观作恶,客观改善,是对浮士德形象的补充。他对浮士德探索人生的过程,客观上起着推动作用。他把浮士德引入尘世,主观目的是要诱惑浮士德堕落,实际上却帮助他摆脱阴暗的书斋,投身于社会实践;他多次诱惑浮士德作恶,客观上却使浮士德从错误和挫折中猛醒,向更高的境界进步;他忠实的完成了上帝赋予他的使命:鞭策人们精神中的懈怠和贪图安逸的惰性,激发人们更加努力。另外,作为长期观察社会邪恶的厌倦者,作为虚无主义者,梅非斯特不相信不相信世界上会有什么好事情,他冷静的头脑和敏锐的目光使他能机械的表现社会的邪恶和人的弱点,所以他有时候能将一些精辟的话语。

总之,梅非斯特在诗剧中的调侃、讥笑,不可否认的构成了对社会的邪恶的批判,虽然他主观上是冷眼旁观,幸灾乐祸,站在魔鬼邪恶的立场上来看待社会现实中的邪恶。可也正因为如此,他的嘲讽就格外辛辣,他的批判就更切中要害,产生了以毒攻毒的效果。同浮士德一样,在梅非斯特身上,也同样体现了作者的辩证法思想。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失语症患者). Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers' faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.

     Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics. Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the

baggage.

     Recently, scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal, others were aphasic. It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches-in most cases, the normal people were fooled by words, but the aphasics were not.

     Some years ago, Dr. Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics. He

mentioned a particular case in a hospital. Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on

TV. Since the president had been an actor earlier, making a good speech was no problem for him. He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.

     But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients. They didn't seem to believe him.

Instead, they burst into laughter. The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he

was saying. He was lying!

     Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to

understand words. However, according to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal

people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better, though

they cannot understand words.

1. What is so surprising about aphasics?      

A. They can fool other people.

B. They can find out the hidden drugs.

C. They can understand language better.

D. They can tell whether people are lying.

2. How did the scientists study aphasics?    

A. By asking them to watch TV together.

B. By organizing them into acting groups.

C. By comparing them with normal people.

D. By giving them chances to speak on TV.

3. What do we learn from this text?      

A. What one says reflects how one feels.

B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others.

C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.

D. People poor at one thing can be good at another

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