问题 问答题 简答题

骑士文学有何意义?它有哪些体裁和题材?

答案

参考答案:

骑士文学盛行于中世纪的欧洲,它是骑士制度的产物,是世俗的封建贵族阶级的文学。骑士文学反映了骑士阶层的生活和理想,作品的主人公大多为武艺高强、英勇善战、锄强扶弱、历尽艰辛、建立丰功伟绩的英雄。虽然其中的人物性格与外貌雷同,主题大同小异,缺乏较高的艺术价值,但在艺术形式和表现技巧上为欧洲后来的诗歌和长篇小说的发展积累了经验。

骑士文学的体裁有骑士抒情诗和骑士叙事诗两种。

骑士抒情诗产生于法国的普罗旺斯,内容主要是表现骑士对恋人,特别是对贵妇人的爱慕和追求。骑士抒情诗根据题材和内容的不同可分为追求牧羊女的“牧歌”,爱恋贵夫人的“破晓歌”,表现爱情对话的“情歌”、“夜歌”、“怨歌”等。其中以“破晓歌”最为著名,它描写骑士与贵夫人幽会后在清晨离别的情景。

骑士叙事诗以法国北方为中心,其内容大多写骑士为了荣誉、爱情和宗教而进行的各种冒险故事。其题材有三个系统:不列颠系统,主要写不列颠王和他的圆桌骑士的故事,如《特里斯丹和伊瑟》;拜占廷系统,主要写拜占廷流传的古希腊晚期的故事,如《奥克森和尼科莱特》;古代系统,是模仿古希腊罗马文学的作品,如《特洛亚传奇》。

单项选择题

Seeking to build support among black families for its education reform law, the Bush administration paid a prominent black pundit $240,000 to promote the law on his nationally syndicated television show and to urge other black journalists to do the same.
The campaign, part of an effort to promote No Child Left Behind (NCLB), required commentator Armp Williams "to regularly comment on NCLB during the course of his broadcasts," and to interview Education Secretary Rod Paige for TV and radio spots that were aired during the show in 2004.
Williams said Thursday he understands that critics could find the arrangement unethical,but "I wanted to do it because it’s something I believe in." The top Democrat on the House Education Committee, Rep. George Miller of California, called the contract "a very questionable use of taxpayers’ money" that is "probably illegal".
The contract, detailed in documents obtained by USA TODAY through a Freedom of Information Act request, also shows that the Education Department, through the Ketchum public relations firm, arranged with Williams to use contacts with America’s Black Forum, a group of black broadcast journalists, "to encourage the producers to periodically address" NCLB. He persuaded radio and TV personality Steve Harvey to invite Paige onto his show twice. Harvey’s manager, Rushion McDonald, confirmed the appearances.

The "contract" appearing in Paragraph 4 is quite likely referring to______.

A.an arrangement between USA TODAY and the "Freedom of Information Act"

B.a commercial agreement between the Bush administration and Mr. Armp Williams

C.an arrangement between the Education Department and the Ketchum public relations company

D.a volunteer agreement between Mr. Armp Williams and the No Child Left Behind effort

单项选择题