问题 问答题 简答题

什么是艾滋病自愿咨询检测?

答案

参考答案:

艾滋病自愿咨询和检测(VCT)是指人们在经过咨询后能够使他们对于艾滋病检测做出明智的选择的过程。

开展艾滋病自愿咨询检测的目的是为了预防艾滋病的传播,减少艾滋病对个人、家庭和社会的影响,为那些打算进行艾滋病病毒检测的人提供心理、情感上的支持,这些支持包括帮助他们作出是否进行检测的决定,以及促使那些担心通过性接触传播感染艾滋病病毒的人做出行为改变的决定。

是否接受自愿咨询检测取决于个人的决定。有些人可能仅仅是接受咨询。VCT的咨询包括了检测前咨询、检测后咨询、预防性咨询、支持性咨询和特殊需求咨询等。

由于社会上存在着对HIV感染者和艾滋病病人的歧视与偏见,受检者经常会担心检测后的负面影响(如失业、离婚等),也有的人不愿或无力支付检测费用。因此,自愿咨询检测强调的是“自愿检测”和“保密”原则,不是强制检测。自愿咨询检测的整个过程是免费的、保密的。 

有资料证明,鼓励有高危行为的人进行自愿的而非强制的检测,并且在检测前后为受检者提供咨询,不仅可以尽早发现、及时治疗和预防感染,为受检者(特别是感染者)提供心理支持,而且还可以促使受检者减少危险行为,预防艾滋病病毒(HIV)的传播。 

开展艾滋病自愿咨询和检测服务是人们进入艾滋病预防、治疗、心理社会支持和关怀工作的切入点,推动艾滋病自愿咨询和检测有助于打破因恐惧、歧视导致的艾滋病流行的恶性循环,无论对个人、家庭,还是对社区和社会都有积极的意义。

判断题
单项选择题

In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care (1) their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who (2) with their parents (3) 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to take care of their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live (4) . What explains these differences in living arrangements (5) cultures Modernization theory (6) the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people (7) in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, (9) a p tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain (10) living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance (11) . (12) this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then (13) their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought (15) by industrialization and urbanization, have (16) the (17) .In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did-a figure that is still high (18) U.S. standards, but which has been (19) steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are (20) : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.

11()

A.controls

B.overtakes

C.predominates

D.overwhelms