问题 问答题 简答题

词义为什么会有模糊性特点?有哪些具体表现?词义的模糊是否会影响语言交际的准确性?

答案

参考答案:

词义模糊性的原因可以从两个方面来认识:

(1)客观事物的联系性。

客观事物是连续不断运动的,又是互相联系、互相渗透的,无法切割,它们按照自身规律运动发展,本身无所谓精确或模糊,人类要认识它、把握它,就只能省略一些环节,使之变得相对清晰明确。

(2)主观认识的差异性。

从主观方面来看,因为人的个性上的差异,人们的认知水平、心理、态度、爱好及所处环境都有所不同,对事物的看法不都一致,很难有一致的标准。词义模糊性的具体表现:词义反映事物是概括的、明确的,但词义所包含的概念的外延是模糊的。具体表现为:

(1)事物的范围不确定,界限不分明。(早晨、中午、晚上)

(2)反映客观事物的标准不明确。(大、小;好、坏)

(3)不同民族语言中词义范围、界限的不同。(四季、颜色)

词义的模糊性不会影响到语言交际的准确性:

(1)模糊与清楚不是绝对的,而是相对的,人们对客观事物之间的界线有一个大致的划分标准,在一定范围内,这种标准是一个民族共同认可的,互相理解的;

(2)人的大脑具有处理模糊信息的特殊功能,能对一系列比较模糊的信息进行综合分析加工,从而综合出较为清晰精确的信息

词义的模糊性在人们的交际过程中起着相当重要的作用,人们传递信息、交流思想,就一般情况而言,只要把不同事物相区别开来,明确这个词所指代的事物的大致范围就可以了。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation’s youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, marijuana use among young people (1) from 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniors (2) marijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, which (3) student drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row. (4) young people see great risk in using drugs. Mood-altering pharmaceutical drugs are (5) new popularity among young people. Ritalin, (6) as a diet pill in the 1970s and now used to (7) hyperactive children, has become a (8) drug on college campuses. A central nervous system (9) , Ritalin can cause strokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, produced in Europe as a (10) tranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with. (11) taken with alcohol, its effects are greatly (12) . Rock singer Kurt Cobain collapsed from an (13) of Rohypnol and champagne a month before he committed (14) in 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensive (15) for marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, (16) younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens become regular smokers, (17) they cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jump (18) 1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds climbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994, and all teens reported substantial increases in (19) drinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know a (20) with a drinking problem.

15()

A.substitute

B.replacement

C.exchange

D.interchange