问题 问答题 论述题

试分析影响婴儿怯生的因素。

答案

参考答案:

1)父母是否在场。如果婴儿坐在母亲膝盖上,或由母亲抱着,那么陌生人进来几乎不产生什么影响:如果母亲与婴儿有一定距离,就更可能产生害怕。

2)环境的熟悉性。

3)陌生人的特点。婴儿并不是对所有的人都感到害怕,实验显示陌生人在场不一定引起婴幼儿的怕,这要看儿童与陌生人的距离。

4)抚养者的多少。婴儿熟悉成人的多少的影响其怯生程度,如果一个婴儿讪少数几个成人抚养,他所怯生程度可能比由许多人抚养的婴儿来得高。

5)婴儿与母亲的亲密程度。婴儿与照顾者的关系越密切,见到生人就越易产生害怕。

6)婴儿接受的刺激。婴儿获得的听觉刺激和视觉刺激越多。怯生程度越小,因为这样的儿童已习惯于接受各种新奇的刺激。

单项选择题 B型题
阅读理解

Thirteen, for me, was a challenging year. My parents divorced and I moved to a new town with my father, far from my old family and friends. I was terribly lonely and would cry myself to sleep each night. To ease my sadness, my father purchased an old horse for me at a local auction.(拍卖) I named him Cowboy.

Cowboy was without a doubt the ugliest horse in the world. But I didn’t care. I loved him beyond all reason. I joined a riding club and suffered rude comments and mean snickers about Cowboy’s looks. I never let on about how I felt, but deep inside, my heart was broken. The other members rode beautiful, registered horses.

When Cowboy and I entered the events where the horse is judged on appearance, we were quickly shown the gate. No amount of preparation and love would turn Cowboy into a beauty. My only chance to compete would be in the speed events. I chose the jumping race.

One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons.  Needless to say, she didn’t feel threatened when I competed against her at the next show. She didn’t need to. I came in next to last.

The stinging memory of Becky’s smirks(得意的笑) made me determined to beat her. For the whole next month I woke up early every day and rode Cowboy five miles to the arena (赛马场). We practiced running and jumping for hours in the hot sun and then I would walk Cowboy home totally exhausted. All of our hard work didn’t make me feel confident by the time the show came. I sat at the gate and sweated it out while I watched Becky and her horse charge through the course and finish in first place.

My turn finally came. I put on my hat, rubbed Cowboy’s neck and entered the arena. At the signal, we dashed toward the first fence, jumped it without trouble and raced on to the next one. Cowboy then flew over the second, third and fourth fences like a bird and I turned him toward the finish line. As we crossed the line the crowd was shocked into silence. Cowboy and I had beaten Becky and her fancy horse by two seconds!

I gained much more than a blue ribbon that day. At thirteen, I realized that no matter what the odds, I’d always come out a winner if I wanted something badly enough to work for it.

1. The underlined expression "shown the gate" (paragraph 3) most probably means ______.

A. told how to enter the arena

B. shown how to make the horse beautiful

C. removed from the competition early

D. told to enter the timed-speed events

2. When the final race finished, nobody cheered because________.

A. the audience didn’t like Cowboy      B. people envied the writer

C. the win was unexpected        D. the writer bad run out of time

3. Why was the writer not confident of victory?

A. He was an inexperienced rider.

B. He had not practiced enough.

C. He believed he was unpopular with the crowd.

D. He thought his horse wasn’t as good as the others.

4. What did the writer learn from his experience?

A. Life can sometimes be unfair.

B. Anything is possible if one tries hard enough.

C. A positive attitude will bring success.

D. One should not make judgments based on appearance.