问题 阅读理解与欣赏

一般论述类文本(6分)

培育一位电影明星,无论从经济成本还是从时间成本看都是昂贵的,一个明星的成长有漫长的过程,还要有天赋和种种机缘。当然还有更为紧要的前提,即明星必须扮演某个角色,借角色而成名,如扮演埃及艳后、扮演安娜·卡列尼娜或特工“007”等。只有作为成功的角色的明星,才能成为生活中的明星。

自从有了电视,情形有了难以料想的变化,明星的概念也大大泛化。一方面从明星生产的角度看,周期更短,速度更快,一部电视连续剧,可以使演员每天晚上出镜,抵得上十来部电影。另一方面,即更关键之点是有了电视和网络,明星不一定需要借助角色成名,明星可以是扮演自身,就像电视主持人。再例如,姚明扮演姚明,刘翔扮演刘翔。亦即当明星不一定需要借助于外在的角色,可以直接登场,以明星自身的名义登场。由此,电视不仅生产了演艺明星,还生产体育明星、演讲明星,还有大众明星。到了大众明星秀这一步,明星已经不是遥不可及,他们早已脱下神秘的面纱,成为邻家男孩和女孩。当看电视成为日常生活的一个部分,明星就是日常生活的一个部分。既然明星不一定要扮演某一个角色,明星的门槛就大大降低,明星的大门洞然敞开。

明星是社会流行趣味的代表,这种流行趣味不是由哪一位才趣卓著的人物独自创造出来的,而是由商业文明和大众传媒合谋并通过明星自觉和不自觉的配合,共同创造的。这就是当代电子文化的特征。当代文化的辉煌是工业文明的辉煌、是物质生产技术文明的辉煌,而这些辉煌的替身或者说集合点就是明星。

明星是流行趣味的代表,大众仰望明星,大众在此岸,而明星在彼岸。从此岸到彼岸应该有一段漫长的距离,跨越这一距离,需要付出很大的努力,还要机缘凑巧。但是陡然间,随着电子媒介技术进一步发展和电视娱乐节目,大众能直接参与明星生产,自己当明星,他们参加各类选秀节目,哪怕是只当15分钟的明星。明星秀成为一种社会风潮,不但是青年人跃跃欲试,连成年人和儿童也加入到这一浪潮中,势头汹涌。一旦明星不需要以扮演什么角色为条件,那就星途坦荡,而且是条条大道通明星。特别是有了网络视频,人们不一定要上电视节目才能当明星,也用不着任何资格审查才能踏上明星之路,只需将自己制作的视频制品拿到网络上传播,就有成功的可能,这大大增加了当明星的概率。也难怪,当年麦克卢汉在对比电影和电视时会说:“看电影时,你坐在那儿看银幕,你就是摄影机的镜头;看电视时,你则是电视屏幕。……看电影的时候,你向外进入世界;看电视的时候,你向内进入自己。”正是电视和网络的出现,使影像电子文化成为日常生活最主要的组成部分,并和日常生活场景紧紧地交织在一起,深深地镶嵌在我们的情感和记忆中。就像今天的孩子在若干年后会发现,自己的童年生活早已被细心的父母记录在各类摄像和视频中,自己早就充当了家庭生活的小明星,潇洒地生活在大人们的摄像镜头和屏幕里。

(节选自蒋原伦《今夜星光灿烂》,《读书》2011年第2期)

小题1:下列有关明星概念“泛化”的说法,不正确的一项是 (   )

A.有了电视和和网络,明星的生产,变得周期更短,速度更快。

B.电视上的明星,只需扮演自身,不要借助于外在的角色。

C.电视娱乐节目使明星大众化,明星秀成为一种社会风潮。

D.影像电子文化进入家庭日常生活,人人都可能充当明星。小题2:下列对文章内容的理解,正确的一项是 (   )

A.成功的电影明星凭借天赋和种种机缘,可以缩短其成长的过程,而不一定要借角色成名。

B.明星的门槛降低,与明星培育的成本无关,主要原因在于上电视不一定要扮演某个角色。

C.创造流行趣味要商业文明和大众传媒合谋并要明星配合,明星则可成为这种趣味的代表。

D.有了网络视频,明星变得不再神秘,人们只要将视频制品在网上传播,就必定成为明星。

答案

小题1:B

小题1:C

小题1:B项不符合文意,原文是“明星不一定需要借助角色成名”。

小题1:A项,原文是“明星必须扮演某个角色,借角色而成名”。B项强加因果,“主要原因在于上电视不一定要扮演某个角色。”D项原文是“就有成功的可能”。必定语气太绝对。

计算题
阅读理解

     Many international students choose large schools. But a growing number of them are attending smaller ones.

     Douglas Bennett, the president of Earlham College in Indiana, has written several articles aimed at

helping students choose a college that best fits their needs. He says one of the important things for the

international students to consider is the size of a school. He says Earlham College is small for a reason.

"We're that small because we think we educate much more effectively and much more powerfully because we stay small. It stretches everyone more. It draws everyone into more different kinds of activities." 

     Of course, there are also good arguments for attending a larger school. Many big schools are widely

recognized. And in some cases that might lead to more job interviews than a degree from a lesser known

college. Larger schools also have more money, which can mean more resources for education and

research.  

     In addition to size, Douglas Bennett says there are other important things to consider. For example:

Which programs at the school are the strongest? Some schools have stronger programs in the sciences.

Others are stronger in the liberal arts. Also, what do the school’s top students go on to do after they

graduate? What kinds of activities are offered that might add to the educational experience? Are there

sports teams? What about a radio station or newspaper?

     But Douglas Bennett says              . "The most important choice you make is who you choose to be

yourself. If you're prepared to bring your best self to the college, then it matters where you go to college. On the other hand, if you choose not to prepare to work very hard, it doesn't matter where you go."

1. What's the best title of the passage? (within 8 words)

                                                          

2. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

A graduate from a larger school may get a job more easily than one from a school of smaller size. 

                                                          

3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 6 words)

                                                          

4. Which kind of school will you choose if you are an international student, a large one or a smaller one? Why? (within 20 words)

                                                          

5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 into Chinese.