亚当斯的“公平理论”
参考答案：
是美国心理学家亚当斯于1967年提出来的。它是研究人的动机和知觉关系的一种理论，该理论认为，知觉对于动机的影响在于：一个人对他所得的报酬是否满意，不是只看其绝对值，而是进行社会比较和历史比较，看其相对值。两种比较结果相等时，就公平，公平就能激励人。如果察觉到不平衡时，即别人的收入比自己高，或现在比过去所得的报酬下降了，就感到不公平，不公平就影响工作积极性的发挥。
| 阅读理解。 |
| A 5R Rule for Environment 1. Reduce(减少) If you want to reduce waste, you should use things wisely. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses a little paper carelessly and throw it out, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don't know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste. 2. Reuse You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them out. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters. 3. Recycle Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so we save lots of time and money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed (打碎) flat and melted (融化) and the metal things are made for new coke cans. 4. Recover When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten apples, you have two choices: one is to throw the whole apples away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and use the good parts. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food. 5. Repair If one of the legs of your table is broken, you can repair it. If you want to change for better ones, it is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after doing some repair. It is true that North America is a "throw-away" society, but the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best. |
| 1. The "Reduce" rule mainly requires (要求) us ______. |
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| A. to use things wisely B. to cut down many trees C. to use less paper D. to throw away the old things. |
| 2. The right order of recycling coke cans is ______. a. collect the used cans b. melt them c. smash them flat d. send them to a factory |
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| A. a b c d B. a d c b C. d b c a D. c a b d |
| 3. The "Recover" rule mainly requires us ______. |
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| A. to throw waste thing away B. to cover waste thing with the earth C. to get back the useful parts D. to throw the whole things away |
| 4. ______ is the best way to do with your broken tables. |
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| A. Throwing them away B. Repairing them C. Putting them away D. Selling them |
| 5. According to the passage, ______ can not be reused. |
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| A. clothes B. shoes C. rotten apples D. bags |