问题 问答题 简答题

太阳伤寒出现衄血有几种情况?《伤寒论》是如何处理的?

答案

参考答案:

太阳伤寒出现衄血有三种情况,分别见于原文第46、47、55条。分述如下:

①太阳伤寒证,迁延日久,邪束阳郁较重,服麻黄汤后得衄血而病解。原文第46条“太阳病,脉浮紧,无汗,发热,身疼痛,八九日不解,表证仍在,此当发其汗。服药已,微除,其人发烦目瞑。剧者必衄,衄乃解。所以然者,阳气重故也。麻黄汤主之。”太阳病伤寒证虽然八九日不解,但其表证仍在,治疗当用麻黄汤发汗解表。然患者服药后又有“微除,其人发烦目瞑。剧者必衄,衄乃解”的两种结局。何以故?仲景自注曰“所以然者,阳气重故也。”盖伤寒表实证迁延日久,寒束腠理较重,阳气闭郁不伸;虽然麻黄汤用之无误,但该方辛温燥烈之性较强。在温燥药力的鼓荡之下,反应轻者,患者出现心烦、闭目懒睁,不喜强光刺激,然腠理开泄得汗出则邪去病解;反应重者,患者心烦目瞑而不得汗出,却见鼻衄,因鼻为肺窍、肺外合皮毛;汗血同源,得衄血之后郁阳得伸、邪随衄泄,故其病得解。

②太阳伤寒证,失治而自衄病解。原文第47条“太阳病,脉浮紧,发热身无汗,自衄者愈。”太阳伤寒表实证,风寒外束,腠理闭塞,阳气郁遏而不得宣泄。若失于汗解,邪无出路而郁闭经络;阳气郁遏到一定程度,则可鼓荡阳络而形成衄血。因为汗血同源,邪气可随衄血之机而外泄病解,故有“自衄者愈”之机转。

③太阳伤寒证,失治而自衄后病不解,仍需服麻黄汤。原文第55条“伤寒脉浮紧,不发汗,因致衄者,麻黄汤主之。”太阳病伤寒证,本宜用麻黄汤发汗解表。今当汗而失治,则腠理闭塞,邪无出路,阳气郁遏较重而损伤阳络,以致出现鼻衄。衄血后又有病解与不解两种可能:若衄后邪随衄泄则病随衄解,即如第47条所言“自衄者愈”。若衄血后病不解,可能衄血不多或不畅,达不到载邪外出之目的,此与汗出不彻而表不解的机理相同。衄后伤寒脉症仍在,表证未变,而无内热烦躁及热入营血之症者,仍可用麻黄汤发汗解表。

太阳伤寒出现衄血的三种情况,虽然成因皆可用“阳气重故也”概之,但病情、衄血与治疗的关系以及转归均有不同。46条是伤寒表实证迁延日久,邪束阳郁较重,服麻黄汤后得衄血而病解,其衄血发生在服麻黄汤之后。47条是太阳伤寒表实证,失于治疗而自衄病解,此属自愈。55条是太阳伤寒证,失治而自然衄血后病不解,仍需服麻黄汤,其衄血发生在服药之前。

单项选择题

Everyone gets angry sometimes, but being angry doesn’t really solve much. Your goal is to calm yourself down. This is (1) for some people. Instead of calming down, they might get more and more upset (2) they explode like a volcano. Some people might say they have trouble (3) their temper. Sometimes angry feelings can be hard to (4) . So what do you do if your temper is like a volcano

Well, the good news is (5) people don’t keep making the same mistakes over and over again. You can train your temper. Here are steps you can (6) at any time.

Get a lot of (7) activity. Exercise can be good because it is a way of (8) energy and stress. You can dance around your room (9) your favorite music, too.

Talk to your mom or dad. If you’re having trouble with your temper, tell your parents you’re trying to do a (10) job of controlling yourself. Let them know you are going to ask for their help.

Put (11) into words. Get into the habit of saying what you are feeling and why. (12) using words might help you manage your p feelings and behaviors.

Take a break from the (13) . If you are in an argument with someone, go to another part of your house. You can just say, "I want to be (14) for a while so I can calm down. "

Go into a (15) . If you fed angry and think you need a timeout to calm down, don’t (16) your parents to tell you to take a timeout for yourself. Let your family know that when you’re taking a timeout, they need to (17) your space and leave you alone. While you are sitting in your chair, try to take deep (18) .

Learn to shift. The idea is to shift from a really angry mood to a better mood. After you (19) the angry feelings out, you have to start thinking about other things, You can say, "I (20) my temper, but I’m going to get myself under control now.

20()

A.lost 

B.mastered 

C.held 

D.developed

单项选择题