问题 问答题 简答题

试述中国新一轮的地区市场割据和贸易冲突的原因,需要建立什么样的健全市场机制?

答案

参考答案:

第一,市场条件下地区间的利益冲突加剧。在传统的计划经济体制下,地区经济发展完全服从于中央的安排,地方利益弱化;而在市场经济条件下,各地区生产什么,生产多少主要由企业和地方决定。一个地区如果经济发展较好,则民众受惠,政府有功,该地区在全国的地位也会提高。这样为了尽快发展地方经济,各地区相互之间展开了激励的竞争,地区间利益冲突加剧。

第二,地方政府作为地区经济利益的代表,往往通过非经济手段干预市场,地区之间的经济竞争更多地受到政府行为的控制。实际上,市场经济条件下各地区之间的竞争较之计划体制下无竞争的经济要进步得多。如果这种市场竞争引导得好,必然导致优胜劣汰,导致各地区形成一批各具特点的优势产业,最终形成合理的专业化和地区分工格局。但是改革开放以后,中央政府的放权让利首先是把经济管理权限放给了地方政府,加上各地区的先进企业都以国有企业为主,这些国有企业又归各地区政府领导,因此,实际上政府成为地区资源配置的重要主体。各地区政府为了维护地区经济利益,促使本地区经济总量的扩展,纷纷采取行政手段管理地方经济。可见,政府利用非经济手段管理地区经济是造成地区市场分割的最主要原因。

第三,政府行为与企业行为倒置。在市场经济条件下,企业应该是经济的微观主体,企业的基本动机是追逐利润,为此企业需要配置在具有资源禀赋优势的地区,并扩大规模生产,以便降低成本,提高市场竞争力。但是,在目前体制转化的过程中,政府职能和企业职能都没有到位。政府直接办企业,企业被政府直接管理,而一个地区的政府所能利用的只能是本地区资源,不可能实现大规模的跨地区组织生产,企业的发展就不能实现规模经营,成本必然高。“大而全”、“小而全”结构的形成又为地区经济实现自我循环提供了物质基础,也使得保护地方市场显得更为必要。

可见,中国地区市场分割的根本原因在于市场经济体制没有得到真正的建立和健全,企业作为微观主体不能真正按照市场要求发展,政府职能没有从传统管理经济模式中摆脱出来,地方政府拥有干预市场的权力,但其行为缺乏科学性。其结果,不仅没有促使市场经济体制发育健全,不能培育出一批有竞争力的企业,反而成为全国统一市场形成的严重障碍,在一定程度上扼杀了企业的生命力和活力。任何大国都存在着地区之间的利益冲突问题。减少区际利益冲突,建立全国统一大市场,为全国范围内实现规模经营创造条件,是任何一个大国都要面对的问题。

阅读理解

阅读理解.

                                          A new Long March (长征)

     Twenty-one people from Hong Kong and the Chinese mainland began a new Long March on

October 15. They will walk about 8,000 kilometres from Ruijin, Jiangxi to Wuqi, Shanxi. They hope

to get 20.2 million yuan to build 101 schools and help poor children go back to school. They hope to

finish the march by August 16, 2012.

                                              The football team

     The Chinese under-17 football team is No. 1 in Asia. They won the Asian U-17 Championship

(亚洲U-17锦标赛) in Japan on Saturday. They beat the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

(朝鲜) by 1: 0. After 85 minutes, Wang Weilong got the only goal. They took the cup for the first

time in 12 years.

                                               Liu leaves China

     Chinese actor Liu Ye left for the US on Monday to make a film called Meteor (《流星》). He

is going to act with the Hollywood film star Meryl Streep. His former classmate Zhang Ziyi sent Liu

a message to encourage him. Liu was worried about his English, and worked hard on it before he left.

People know him from films like last year's "Mei Ren Cao".

1. From the news,we know that the twenty-one people began a new Long March to ______.

A. travel around China

B. visit some schools

C. teach poor children

D. get some money and help poor children go back to school

2. The second piece of news tells us ______.

A. Korea held this contest

B. the Chinese football team is No. 1 in South-East Asia

C. the Chinese under-17 football team won the world championship

D. the Chinese under-17 football team won the championship for the first time in 12years

3. Which of the paragraphs is about sports? ______

A. The 1st

B. The 2nd

C. The 3rd

D. The 3th and the 1st

单项选择题