问题 问答题 论述题

论述直流采样和交流采样的区别及特点。

答案

参考答案:

“采样”是将现场连续不断变化的模拟量的某一瞬间值作为样本采集下来,供计算机系统计算、分析和控制之用。

直流采样是将TA/TV输了的交流模拟量(u、i等)经过起隔离和降低幅值作用的中间TA/TV后,先进行整流和滤波转换成相应的模拟直流电压信号,然后再由模拟/数字转换器(A/D)转换成相应的数字量。

交流采样是将TA/TV输出的交流模拟量(u、i等)经过起隔离和降低辐值作用的中间TA/TV后,不进行整流,仍以交流模拟信号供模拟/数字转换器(A/D)进行采样,然后通过计算得到被测量的有效值等需要的参数。

直流采样的特点:

(1)直流采样对A/D转换器的转换速率要求不高。

(2)直流采校程序简单。

(3)抗干扰能力较强。

(4)采样的实时性较差。

(5)采样误差较大。

(6)稳定性差,会发生零飘。

(7)需要很多变送器,接线繁琐,占用平面多。

交流采样的特点:

(1)对A/D转换器转换速率和采样保持器要求较主。可用于分析高次谐波。

(2)稳定性、可靠性高。

(3)减少了采集误差。

(4)交流采样为综合测量系统,可计算了多种电器参数,比同等数量的变送器具有更高的性能价格比。

阅读理解

Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Products (产品) arc not produced in a "green" way and people haven’t realized the importance of buying and using environmentally-friendly products. These lead to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of waste like glass, paper and plastics is produced (生产). The waste problem is difficult to deal with.

However, today, more and more people are choosing “green” and expecting that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this soap be bad for the environment” “Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?”

Over 20,000 people took part in a web survey (调查) on buying environmentally-friendly products. Among them, 8129 people say that they now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. That is to say, companies must change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that the products are “green”.

A few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels to show that they are green. Some companies have made the clean and safe products their main selling point in advertisements.

The growing need for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. The public will no longer accept the old idea of “buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it”. As a result, the companies have to take action.

小题1:Is it easy to deal with the waste problem?

小题2:What do more and more people consider before they buy products?

小题3:In the survey, how many people prefer green products in the supermarket now?

小题4:Is it possible or impossible to get green products in the supermarket now?

小题5:Why do the companies have to rethink how to do business and take action?

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