问题 问答题 简答题

何为植物病害?如何理解植物病害的含义?

答案

参考答案:

植物病害:当植物遇到病原生物侵染或不良环境条件时,其正常的生理机能就会受到影响,从而导致一系列生理,组织和形态病变,引起植株局部或整体生长发育出现异常,甚至导致死亡的现象。包含了两个方面的含义。首先,植物病害的发生发展有一定的病理程序,植物发病后,首先表现为新陈代谢作用的改变,即其生理的和生化的变化,随后进而发展到细胞和组织结构的变化,最后在植物的外部和内部表现出不正常的状态。其次,认识病害,必须从经济观点和生产观点加以考虑,有些植物由于人为或外界因素的作用,可以发生某些变态或畸形。植物的这些变化给人们的生活和经济带来了好处,不称为病害或不作为病害来对待。总之,病害一定要给农业带来损失,并且有一系列的病理变化过程。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解:

A

There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine,” or “scientific medicine.” Scientific doctors try to observe sicknesses, look for logical patterns, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient world this approach probably did not cure many patients.

A second kind of medicine is called “natural cures,” or “folk medicine,” in which less educated people try to cure sicknesses with various herbs(中草药). These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine.

The third kind is called “health spas,” or “faith healing.” Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell, to cure you. Some religious groups organize special healing shrines for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.

1. Doctor medicine ________.

A. has a longer history than folk medicine

B. has been practiced for around 1,600 years

C. bases its treatments on observation and logic

D. was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times.

2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?

A. Magic power.                         B. Various herbs.

C. Religious faith.                       D. A healthy life style.

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.

B. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.

C. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.

D. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.

4. The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to _______.

A. describe different types of medicine

B. argue for the importance of medicine in health care.

C. show the crucial(决定性的) role religion plays in medical treatments.

D. compare the educational background of three different types of patients.