问题 解答题

下面列举了一些生物的名称,据此回答问题.

蝴蝶、花生、马尾松、乌贼、麻雀、鲸、紫菜、老虎、细菌、扇贝、藏羚羊、萤火虫、大熊猫、蘑菇

(1)上述生物中在大气圈、水圈、岩石圈都有分布的是______.

(2)请将以上除(1)提到的以外的生物名称填写在生物圈适当的范围中.

③岩石圈______;

②水圈______;

大气圈______.

答案

生物圈是地球上的所有生物与其生存的环境形成的一个统一整体,生物圈的范围:以海平面为标准来划分,生物圈向上可到达约10千米的高度,向下可深入10千米左右深处,厚度为2 0千米左右的圈层,包括大气圈的底部、水圈的大部和岩石圈的表面;大气圈中生物主要集中于下层,即与岩石圈的交界处.鸟类能高飞数千米,花粉、昆虫以及一些小动物可被气流带至高空,甚至在22000米的平流层中还发现有细菌和真菌.限制生物向高空分布的主要因素有缺氧、缺水、低温和低气压.大气圈中的生物主要有昆虫、鸟类、翼手类如蝴蝶、麻雀、萤火虫、漂浮在空中的微生物等.岩石圈是地球表面的固体部分.它的表面大多覆盖着土壤,是一切陆生生物的“立足点”.在这一圈层内,有郁郁葱葱的森林,一望无际的草原,绚丽多彩的奇花异草,还有五颜六色的昆虫,种类繁多的飞禽走兽,以及大量的细菌、真菌,如花生、马尾松、老虎、藏羚羊、熊猫、蘑菇.岩石圈也是人类的“立足点”,在岩石圈中,生物分布的最深记录是生存在地下2500~3000米处石油中的石油细菌,但大多数生物生存于土壤上层几十厘米之内.限制生物向土壤深处分布的主要因素有缺氧和缺光.但人类的活动可以到达生物圈的各个圈层.

水圈包括地球上的全部海洋、茎和湖泊.水圈中几乎到处都有生物,但主要集中于表层和浅水的底层如乌贼、鲸、紫菜、扇贝.世界大洋最深处超过11000米,这里还能发现深海生物硫化细菌.限制生物在深海分布的主要因素有缺光、缺氧和随深度而增加的压力.

因此(1)上述生物中在大气圈、水圈、岩石圈都有分布的是细菌;

(2)③生活在岩石圈的有:花生、马尾松、老虎、藏羚羊、熊猫、蘑菇

②生活在水圈的有:乌贼、鲸、紫菜、扇贝;

①生活在大气圈的有:蝴蝶、麻雀、萤火虫;

故答案为:

(1)细菌;

(2)③岩石圈有:花生、马尾松、老虎、藏羚羊、熊猫、蘑菇

②水圈有:乌贼、鲸、紫菜、扇贝;

①大气圈有:蝴蝶、麻雀、萤火虫.

阅读理解

A small man with a fat stomach got on the train at the last station before the frontier (边境). He carried a paper bag. And four feet ducks could be seen under the cover. The man found an empty seat, put the bag in the middle of the floor, took out a newspaper and began to read. Then a policeman came in. Of course he saw the bag with ducks' legs at once and said, "Whose is that bag?" Nobody answered. The policeman repeated the question, and said, "I'll have to take it away from the owner. Food mustn't be taken out of the country." "Well, then," said the small man with a fat stomach. "Hurry up and take it. We want to go home." The policeman took the bag and went on to the next carriage.

At the next station, when they were safely across the frontier, the small man got up, smiled at the other passengers and said, "I hope they'll enjoy the ducks' feet. The rest of the bag had nothing but rubbish in it." Then he opened his coat and pointed to another bag he was carrying under it. It was tied tightly (紧紧地) over the stomach, which was not really fat. "I have the rest of the two ducks here," he said. With these words, he got off the train. But while he was happily walking to the exit with the bag in his hands, a policeman came up to him, saying, "Hey, man! Foreign food mustn't be brought in."

1. The small man put the bag in the middle of the floor ___ .

A. so that he could make more room for himself

B. so that the policeman could find it easily

C. because the other passengers didn't like it

D. because there was not an empty seat in the carriage

2. The first policeman took the paper bag away because ___ .

A. he wanted to find the owner of the bag

B. he enjoyed the ducks feet in the bag

C. the bag was put in a wrong place in the carriage

D. food can't be taken abroad

3. The bag the policeman took away had nothing in it except ___ .

A. two ducks               B. rubbish

C. the ducks' feet and rubbish  D. the ducks' feet

4. In the end the small man ___ .

A. failed to take his food home

B. crossed the frontier with two paper bags

C. took the ducks safely home

D. hid his ducks under his coat again

单项选择题