问题 选择题

“德高三皇,功过五帝”、“名号不更,无以称成功,传后世”,这反映了(  )

A.上古天神名号的来历

B.上古部落和部落联盟首领称呼的来历

C.先秦王朝统治者称呼的来历

D.我国最高封建统治者称谓的来历

答案

答案:D

题目分析:本题考查学生对皇帝称号的理解。在上古三皇五帝时代至夏、商时中国最高统治者称为“帝”,如黄帝、帝喾、帝尧、帝纣等。从周朝起,改称为“王”,如“周武王”、周平王等。秦朝建立后,因嬴政认为功绩“德兼三皇、功盖五帝”而创立“皇帝”一词作为最高统治者的正式称谓,自此以后“皇帝”取代了“帝”与“王”,成为此后两千年来中国封建社会最高统治者(即“天子”)的称呼。故选D。

点评:“皇帝”称谓的出现,不仅仅是简单的名号变更,还反映了一种新的统治观念的产生。在古代,“皇”有“大”的意思,人们对祖先神和其他一些神明,有时就称“皇”。“帝”是上古人们想象中的主宰万物的最高天神。秦始皇将“皇”和“帝”两个字结合起来,第一,说明了他想表示其至高无上的地位和权威,是上天给予的,即“君权神授”;第二,反映了他觉得仅仅是做人间的统治者还不满足,还要当神。可见,“皇帝”的称号,乃是秦王政神化君权的一个产物。

阅读理解

The film “Avatar” has received great popularity around the world. It turned out to be a great success. The film got $1 billion in ticket sales in a very short time. The story in the film happens on an alien planet called Pandora where many strange species live. Among the planet’s inhabitants(居民,栖息动物),the one that has the most similarities with humans is the Na’vi, and it is the struggle between the Ma’vi and human invaders(入侵者) that forms the story of the film.

As to the factors(因素) leading to the film’s success, many think that the entertaining feast(盛宴) for the eyes and the wonderful story shouldn’t be forgotten, but the new language invented especially for the film which provides audiences with a new experience also plays an important part.

In order to increase the truthfulness of an alien race(外星人), the film’s director James Cameron asked an expert in languages from the University of Southern California to invent a language for the Na’vi. Professor Paul Frommer combined the languages spoken among Indians, Africans and mid-Asians and worked with James Caneron for four years to create the Na’vi language based on the original 30 words that the director had already come up with.

According to Professor Frommer, the most important characteristic of the Na’vi language is that it could be pronounced. “This is an alien language but obviously it has to be spoken by human actors and actresses,” Professor Frommer told the BBC, “it has to sound natural and it should make human beings comfortable when using it.”

The language has a vocabulary of around 1000 words but Progessor Formmer hopes to enlarge the vocabulary in possible follow-ups to the film and in video games. The professor hopes that one day his creation will be as successful as the Klingon alien language from the “Star Trek”films. “There’s a translation of Hamlet into Klingon and it has received great popularity among the audiences,” says Professor Frommer,“if anything like this happens to the Na’vi language, I’d be very happy.”

1. What do we know about“Avatar” from this passage?

A. The story in it is a moving love story.    

B. It brings the producer $1 billion in total.

C. The story in it happens on an alien planet.

D. It talks about humans and aliens’ friendship.

2. The director of “Avatar” James Cameron had a language invented for the Na’vi to     

A. make the film a whole mystery          B. make the Na’vi more believable

C. make the Na’vi different from humans    D. make the film have specific characteristics

3. Who first created the basic words of the Na’vi language?

A. Paul Frommer.        B. An Indian.    C. James Cameron     D. Hamlet.

4. The important feature of the Na’vi language is that      

A. it can be spoken by humans         B. it has just 30 original words

C. it has a vocabulary of 1000 words.    D. it is like the Klingon alien language

5. We can infer from the passage that       

A. James Cameron will produce follow-ups to “Avatar”

B. the Na’vi language is another kind of the Klingon language

C. the director believes the Na’vi language will be popular

D. Paul Frommer hopes to add new words to the Na’vi language

多项选择题