问题 问答题 简答题

何为“图式论”?

答案

参考答案:

图像论:维特根斯坦在《逻辑哲学论》中提出的关于命题的理论,主张命题是实在的图像,要理解一个命题就是要知道它所表现的情况。“图像”一词(德文BilD.来自画成的图画,也来自一抽象模型的数学涵义。全部命题都是基本命题的真值函项。每个基本命题由命名简单“对象”的不可分析的名称构成,命题的涵义是它所描绘的事态。元素在命题中联系的方式代表了对象以同样的方式相互联系。因此,命题有图像的性质。然而,这是逻辑的图像,它和它所描绘的东西具有共同的“图像形式”,而不是把它描绘的东西在空间上集合在一起,虽然所有的命题都是图像,但并非一切图像都是命题。一个引起争论的问题是,命题图像论是否随着维特根斯坦抛弃《逻辑哲学论》中的“逻辑原子论”的形而上学而破产。

完形填空
A few years ago, I worked a 12-hour night shift(夜班) and got home from work.
I was on my way back home and was very tired. I      at a restaurant to have breakfast. Right after I placed my order, I saw a man come in. He was carrying a small backpack and looked like he had seen better times. He reached in his pocket and pulled out some    . He asked the waitress if 38 cents was       to buy a cup of coffee. She looked at his backpack and said, “   . Have a seat.” (Coffee was 50 cents a cup at the time.) It really touched me how she had tried to protect his pride and how he hadn’t asked for any charity.
Shortly before my      came, I asked the waitress to come over. I said, “You know, I am not feeling well. I don’t think I am going to be able to eat my breakfast. Do you think there is        here who might eat it?” She first asked if I was OK and then she     . She said, “I think so. Are you sure?” I told her that I was sure.
She then walked over to the gentleman and told him that I had ordered food and it was too     to stop the order but I didn’t feel like eating. Would he be so kind as to take it       they wouldn’t have to throw it away? I had walked to the cash register(收银台) and was paying for the meal. At the cash register, I asked if they had gift cards. They did. I bought one      $25.00 and asked them to give it to the gentleman after I left.
小题1:
A.lookedB.stoodC.waitedD.stopped
小题2:
A.notesB.ticketsC.changeD.paper
小题3:
A.enoughB.shortC.goodD.able
小题4:
A.Not reallyB.Never mindC.With pleasureD.Of course
小题5:
A.menuB.foodC.coffeeD.bill
小题6:
A.anyoneB.everyoneC.someoneD.no one
小题7:
A.acceptedB.refusedC.understoodD.left
小题8:
A.earlyB.lateC.slowD.quick
小题9:
A.becauseB.ifC.so thatD.unless
小题10:
A.atB.forC.withD.by
材料题

改革是当今中国的主流,是全民之共识,是社会不断前行的动力源泉。

材料一 19世纪下半叶,中国的现代化运动就已经艰难地挪动了它的脚步。李鸿章是中国工业革命的先驱之一。但经过一场甲午战争,穷兵黩武的明治维新却成了文明的代表,李鸿章推动的以民生富国为本的工业革命反倒被中国人贬作“维护腐朽制度的尝试”。  

(1)中国的现代化运动挪动的第一步是指哪一历史事件?谈谈你对它被贬作“维护腐朽制度的尝试”的理解。

                                                                                                                                                                

材料二 清朝有很多改革的机会,可是一延再延,错过时机。清义和团乱后,慈禧想改革了,提出九年立宪,但是迟迟没有动作,到了辛亥革命爆发前5个月才搞出个“皇族内阁”来,整个社会此时已经失去改革的耐心。

(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识分析“整个社会此时已经失去改革的耐心”的原因,并分析由此产生的社会影响。

                                                                                                                                                                

材料三 2010年11月6日在上海举行的第四届“世界中国学论坛”,各国学者热衷于当代“中国经济模式”的探讨。国务院新闻办公室主任王晨指出,中国将走与以往大国崛起不同的发展道路。——以上材料来自“凤凰网” 

(3)各方学者所热衷的“中国经济模式”指什么?试结合相关史实加以说明。

                                                                                                                                                                 

(4)根据材料分析中国历次改革与革命成败给我们的启示。