问题 问答题 简答题

试述层次和段落、过渡和照应、开头和结尾的内涵及其在新闻写作中的运用。

答案

参考答案:

层次,主要指文章内容表达的次序,体现作者思路进展的步骤。段落,则指行文中的最小意义单位,以换行、提头空格为标志,是文章的思路内容在表达时由于转折、强调、间歇等情况所造成的文字的停顿,人们通常把它叫做“自然段”。新闻报道的层次安排可以事实的重要程度为顺序,还可以几种顺序结

合运用,随思想内容表达的需要而定。分段要注意单一性,避免把几层相对独立的意思挤在一个自然段里;分段又要注意完整性,每一段应该把一个相对独立的意思集中说完;分段还要注意各段之间的内在联系,合乎逻辑,使每个段落成为全篇的一个有机组成部分。此外,分段需要注意整体匀称、粗细适当,不宜某一段过长或过短。

过渡,是指各段落、各层次之间的连接和转换。通讯、特写常用“过渡段”、“过渡句”,消息常用“过渡性词语”来表示。新闻情况是表达方式、表达方法变动时需要过渡。照应,则指文章前后内容的关照响应。也就是说,新闻写作,应该瞻前顾后、首尾圆合。具体的照应办法有三种:一是正文与标题照应;二是前后内容要照应;三是首尾要照应。

开头和结尾,是很多新闻作品的两个重要组成部分。它们一居篇首,给人以第一印象;一居篇末,予人以最后印象。常见的开头方法有:“开篇点题法”和“形象导入法”两种。常见的结尾方法则有:或总结全文,揭示主题;或戛然而止,干净利落;或指明方向,鼓舞斗志;或意在言外,发人深思等等。对于新闻写作来说,开篇贵在“先声夺人”,让读者看一眼就被抓住,引发一种急欲读完的期待心理;结尾好在“清音有余”,要使读者感到饶有余味,读后印象深刻。

选择题
阅读理解

1) Your teens don’t want you to be their friends. What they need is for you to be a reliable responsible role model worthy of their respect, and not some overgrown child who wears too tight jeans or T-shirts with slogans advocating the good points of 100 proof liquor.

2) Don’t debate the teen ever. If she wants to debate, suggest she sign up for the Debate Club. If you buy into their teen logic (which is basically illogic, the product of an immature brain and every extreme of emotion known to mankind) your mouth will go dry. Teens need to know that no means no. Remember when your teen was two years old and he said “no” a lot? Well now it’s your turn, particularly when your teen wants to engage in behaviors that are dangerous.

3) Don’t buy your teen a car. If you do, he will total it in record time. Guaranteed. The teen should earn the car, or at least a portion of it (and by that I don’t mean one of the tires). You know how you take much better care of an item of clothing you spent a fortune on compared to one you bought in a bargain basement? It’s the same thing, only a car can do serious damage.

4) Encourage sports participation even if your teen has two left feet. In some sports, two left feet won’t knock him out of the box, so to speak. Sports participation develops perseverance and cheerfully functioning as a team member. You also will know where your child is every day after school (on the field, that is, or at a rival school). Just make sure you root for the right team, okay? Been there, done that.

5) Let the school know you in a good way so that school personnel do not dive under the desk when you approach. If you are asked to speak at the school, your teen will feel mighty proud. If you make something for the bake sale, try to make it taste edible and if you can’t see it through, do yourself and your child a favor and buy something at the local bakery or supermarket.

6) To know your teens’ friends is to know your teens. Teens have a secret life, and a parent’s goal is to find out secrecy that is sometimes thicker than the CIA and the KGB combined. If you really want to know what your kid is up to, get to know their friends. How? By being warm and kind, and by asking questions that don’t sound like an interrogation(审讯), but serve that purpose without their knowing it.

小题1: When your kids are doing something that might negatively affect their future, you should _____.

A.have your kids express their opinions fully and then discuss with them

B.think about how you can be their close friends

C.report that to their school immediately

D.say no and tell them that they must stop小题2: According to the passage, as a parent, you should encourage your kids __________.

A.to wear too tight jeans

B.to sign up for the Debate Club

C.to be greatly involved in sports

D.to make as many friends as they can小题3: The underlined word “total” in the third paragraph probably means ________.

A.damage

B.add

C.buy

D.earn小题4: The passage mainly wants you to know that __________.

A.kids have their secrecy and freedom

B.Raising Teenagers calls for certain parenting skills

C.your teen needs some house rules

D.the family is changing