问题 问答题

词、词组和句子有什么本质上的区别?举例说明。

答案

参考答案:

词是比语素高一级的语法单位,是语言中最小的能独立运用的语法单位。词组是词的词按照一定句法规则组合成的比词大的语法单位。句子是语言中最大的话语单位,是由词或词组加上一个句调构成的。词和词组都是句子的建筑材料,没有词和词组,就无法构成句子,但词和词组跟句子是有区别的,只有当词和词组带上句调、表示相对完整的意义,才能成为句子,相反句子失去句调,就不表示任何意义,其身份又回到了词或词组。比如,“谁”和“我”,“他们来了”和“小心火车”,不带句调时分别是词和词组,当它们分别带上句调“谁?”、“我!”、“他们来了。”、“小心火车!”就成了句子。由此可以看出,带不带句调是词和词组成跟句子的本质区别。

阅读理解

For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great." 

Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I'm not alone in my opinion. 

First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet have a real pounding (追击) ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me. 

Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes  isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts" Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt. 

And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?

I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.

小题1:From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood _____.

A.people jogged only during the daytime

B.jogging became very popular

C.Alex organized an army of joggers

D.jogging provided a chance to get together小题2:What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?

A.He felt it was worth a try.

B.He was very fond of it.

C.He was strongly against it.

D.He thought it must be painful.小题3:Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?

A.He found it neither healthy nor interesting.

B.He disliked doing ecercise outside.

C.He was afraid of having a heart attack.

D.He was worried about being left alone.小题4:From the writer's experience, we can conclude that _____.

A.not everyone enjoys jogging

B.he is the only person who hates jogging

C.nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit

D.jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.

单项选择题