问题 问答题 简答题

机泵等机械设备为什么要进行润滑?怎么样进行润滑?

答案

参考答案:

机器运转时,在作相对运动的零件间,不可避免的要产生摩擦、磨损和发热现象,并消耗一部分动力,为了减小摩擦阻力、磨损速度和控制机器的温升,以提高机器的效率和寿命,必须注意机器的润滑问题。润滑的作用可大致归纳为如下几点:

①减小摩擦:在摩擦面间加入润滑剂,使之尽可能形成液体摩擦或半液体摩擦,以便有效的降低摩擦系数,减小摩擦力。

②减小磨损:当两摩擦面完全被一层润滑油膜隔离时,即可避免两摩擦面的相互擦伤、研磨磨损和胶合磨损;当摩擦面间落入硬质颗粒时,只要颗粒的大小不超过油膜厚度,也就不会擦伤摩擦表面,同时由于润滑油的保护作用,还可减轻摩擦表面的锈蚀磨损。

③降低温升:润滑是通过两个方面来降低零部件温升的:一方面是由于它降低了摩擦,减少了发热。另一方面是当润滑油流过摩擦面时,可以带走一部分热量。

④防止锈蚀:润滑油膜能保护零部件表面免遭锈蚀。

⑤缓和冲击振动:通过润滑油的阻尼作用,可将机械振动能量部分地转变为油流中的摩擦热而散失掉。

⑥清洗作用:润滑油流过摩擦面时,可以将摩擦面间的机械杂志和污物等带走。

⑦形成密封:润滑油膜有形成密封的作用,可以防止机内介质的外泄和阻止外界杂质侵入。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds (灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

Greyhounds can live for 12 – 14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.

Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim (苗条的) they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold, especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.    

小题1:The text is written mainly______.

A.to tell people how to raise greyhounds

B.to let people know more about greyhounds

C.to explain why greyhounds are aggressive

D.to describe greyhounds of different colors小题2:It can be inferred that greyhounds_______.

A.love big doghouses

B.like staying in bed all day

C.make the best guard dogs

D.need some exercise outdoors小题3:Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

A.They are big in size.

B.They live a very long life.

C.They can run races for some time.

D.They are quiet and easy to look after.小题4:If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important________.

A.to keep it slim

B.to keep it warm

C.to take special care of its legs

D.to take it to animal doctors regularly