问题 问答题

承担违约责任的方式有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(1)继续履行。继续履行是指违反合同的当事人不论是否承担了赔偿金或者其他形式的违约责任,都必须根据对方的要求,在自己能够履行的条件下,对合同未履行的部分继续履行。因为订立合同的目的就是通过履行实现当事人的目的,从立法的角度,应当鼓励和要求合同的实际履行。承担赔偿金或者违约金责任不能免除当事人的履约责任。

(2)采取补救措施。所谓的补救措施主要是指我国民法通则和合同法中所确定的,在当事人违反合同的事实发生后,为防止损失发生或者扩大,而由违反合同一方依照法律规定或者约定采取的修理、更换、重新制作、退货、减少价格或者报酬等措施,以给权利人弥补或者挽回损失的责任形式。采取补救措施的责任形式,主要发生在质量不符合约定的情况下。建设工程合同中,采取补救措施是施工单位承担违约责任常用的方法。

(3)赔偿损失。当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,给对方造成损失的,应当赔偿对方的损失。损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失,包括合同履行后可以获得的利益,但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见或应当预见的因违反合同可能造成的损失。这种方式是承担违约责任的主要方式。因为违约一般都会给当事人造成损失,赔偿损失是守约者避免损失的有效方式。

(4)支付违约金。当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金,也可以约定因违约产生的损失额的赔偿办法。约定违约金低于造成损失的,当事人可以请求人民法院或仲裁机构予以增加;约定违约金过分高于造成损失的,当事人可以请求人民法院或仲裁机构予以适当减少。违约金与赔偿损失不能同时采用。如果当事人约定了违约金,则应当按照支付违约金承担违约责任。

(5)定金罚则。当事人可以约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保。债务人履行债务后定金应当抵作价款或收回。给付定金的一方不履行约定债务的,无权要求返还定金;收受定金的一方不履行约定债务的,应当双倍返还定金。当事人既约定违约金,又约定定金的,一方违约时,对方可以选择适用违约金或定金条款。但是,这两种违约责任不能合并使用。

阅读理解

There are forty-seven different kinds of kangaroos(袋鼠). The smallest kangaroos are about a quarter of a meter long; the biggest are taller than a man.

 Kangaroos have very long strong back legs. These are used for jumping. They also have long strong tails(尾巴)used for resting on. Kangaroos’ front legs are much shorter, and are almost(几乎) like arms. Kangaroos’ heads are quite small, but their ears are quite large.

 Mother kangaroos have a pocket at the front. They have one baby each year. When it is born, the baby kangaroo is straight(直接) into its mother’s pocket. The baby kangaroos stay there for six months.

 The biggest kangaroos stand more than 2 meters tall, and their legs are so strong that they can jump more than 9 meters. They are very fast, and can travel at more than 50 kilometers an hour. They are very strong, but only eat fruit, leaves and grass.

小题1:How many different kinds of kangaroos are there?

A.37.

B.74.

C.47.

D.40.小题2:How large are the biggest kangaroos?

A.Smaller than a man.

B.Bigger than a man.

C.The same size as a man.

D.A quarter of a meter long.小题3:.Does a mother kangaroo have a pocket?

A.Yes, it does.

B.No, it does.

C.No, it doesn’t.

D.It doesn’t tell us.小题4:How long does a baby kangaroo stay in its mother’s pocket?

A.One month.

B.Three months.

C.Six months.

D.Five months.小题5:.How far can kangaroos jump?

A.More than 2 meters.

B.More than 9 meters.

C.Less than 2 meters.

D.Less than 9 meters.

多项选择题