问题 问答题 简答题

人口迁移主要理论(推-拉说、期望收入、迁移距离理论)。

答案

参考答案:

1)李(E.S.LeE.——“推拉理论”:①划分了影响迁移的因素,并把它分为“推力”与“拉力”两方面。他认为,前者是消极因素,因为这些因素促使移民离开原居住地;后者则是积极因素,因为这些因素吸引怀着改善生活愿望的移民迁入新的居住地。②城市的吸力(高收入和生活水平)的增长和农村劳动力过剩的推力作用综合作用结果使农村人口向城市移动。

2)期望收入理论:①发展中国家存在城市失业人口,但同时农村人口继续流入城市。②特达罗认为取决于城乡收入差距和农村人口在城市中找到工作机会大小。③由于城市存在失业,农村人口找到工作有机会问题,出现期望收入。

3)迁移距离理论:①英.拉文斯坦提出“迁移定律”:迁移发生率与源地-目的地之间的距离成反比。②斯托福(S.A.Stouffer)提出了干预机会理论:认为,迁移一定距离的移民数,与目的地的机会数量成正比,与沿途的“干预机会”成反比。

单项选择题
完形填空

Mark Twain,an American writer, published more than 30 books, hundreds of

short stories and essays and gave lectures around the world throughout his career. 

Mark Twain left school when he was twelve. He had little school education. Thou

gh he had little school education, he became the most famous writer of his time

. He made millions of dollars by writing. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Cl

emens, but he is better known all over the world as MarkTwain, his penname. 

Mark Twain was born in 1835 and he was not a healthy baby. In fact, he was not

expected to live through the first winter. But with his mother's tender care,

he managed to survive. As a boy, he causedmuch trouble for his parents. He use

d to play jokes on all of his friends and neighbors. He didn't like to go to sc

hool, and he constantly ran away from home. He always went in the direction of

the nearby Mississippi. He was nearly drowned nine times. After his father's d

eath in 1847, Mark twain began to work for a printer, who only provided him wit

h food and clothing. Then, he worked as  a river-boat pilot (领航

员)and later joinedthe army. But shortly after that he became a miner. During t

his period, he started to write short stories. Afterwards he became a full-time

writer.

In 1870, Mark Twain got married. In the years that followed he wrote many books

including Tom Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him fam

ous, and brought him a great fortune. Unfortunately, Mark Twain got into debts

in bad investments(投资) and he had to write

large numbers of stories to pay these debts. In 1904, his wife died and then on

e of their childrenpassed away.At the age of 70, his hair was completely white.

He bought many white suits and neckties. Hewore nothing but white from head to

foot until his death on April 21, 1910.

小题1: When Mark Twain was a little baby,          .

A.his mother thought he would die

B.he was as active as other boys

C.he was not strong enough

D.he was always in hospital小题2: In his childhood,        .

A.Mark Twain learned a lot at school

B.Mark Twain often went swimming with other boys

C.Mark Twain often played games with other boys

D.Mark Twain’s mother often worried about his safety小题3: In order to make a living, Mark Twain       .

A.often ran away from home.

B.first worked for a printer.

C.wrote stories in the beginning.

D.joined the army after he worked in a mine.小题4: In the later years of his life, Mark Twain      .

A.continued writing until his death.

B.wrote many stories and earned a lot of money.

C.must have been very sad because he lost his wife and one of his children.

D.lent too much money to others.