问题 问答题

某实验小组在“测定小灯泡正常发光时的电阻”的实验中,实验器材如图所示,小灯泡额定电压为2.5V.

(1)请将实物图连接完整并在方框内画出你设计的实验电路图.

(2)小赵同学连接好电路后,闭合开关时,发现小灯泡不亮,电流表无示数,电压表有示数,出现这一现象的原因是:______.

(3)小赵同学移动滑动变阻器的滑片P,记下了三组对应的电压表和电流表的示数,如下表所示.由此可知,他在实验中,电压表选择的量程应该是______;该小灯泡正常发光时的电阻是______Ω.

实验次数电压表示数/V电流表示数/A电阻/Ω
11.50.16
22.50.20
33.00.24
(4)小李同学将三次实验得出的电压和电流分别计算出小灯泡电阻值,发现其电阻值不相等.原因是:______.

答案

(1)滑动变阻器接了上面一个接线柱,应再连接下面一个接线柱.

分析电路,从电源的正极依次连接开关、滑动变阻器、灯泡、电流表,最后回到电源的负极,电压表与小灯泡并联.根据实物电路画出电路图

(2)闭合开关时,发现小灯泡不亮,电流表无示数,说明电路某处发生了断路,又因为电压表有示数,说明电压表以外的电路是良好的,则与电压表并联的灯泡断路.

(3)由表格中数据知,电压表的最大示数为3.0V,所以应选择0~3V的量程;

小灯泡的额定电压为2.5V,由表格中数据知额定电流为0.20A,所以电阻R=

U
I
=
2.5V
0.20A
=12.5Ω.

(4)由于三次通过灯泡的电流不断增大,所以灯丝的温度不断升高,因此所测电阻不同.

故答案为:(1)

;(2)小灯泡断路;(3)0~3V;12.5;(4)灯丝的电阻随温度的升高而增大.

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