问题 综合题

(13分)中国古代历来重视对地方的管辖。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:昔周公吊(感怀)二叔不成(通“贤”),故封建亲戚,以蕃屏周。

——《左传》

分天下以三十六郡,郡置守、尉、监。

——《史记·秦始皇本纪》

材料二:朱熹总结北宋败亡的教训时说“本朝鉴五代藩镇之弊,遂尽夺藩镇之权。兵也收了,财也收了,赏罚刑政,一切收了,州郡遂日就困弱”。

——《朱子语类》

(1)结合所学知识指出材料一分别反映的政治制度,并说明在当时发挥的作用。(6分)

(2)简述宋朝 “尽夺藩镇之权”的举措,结合材料和所学说明其影响。(7分)

答案

(1)制度:分封制,郡县制。(2分)

作用:通过分封制,扩大了周人的统治范围;郡县制加强了秦朝中央对地方的控制,有利于维护国家统一。(2)措施:全国精兵编入禁军,由中央控制;派文臣做知州,设通判监督;地方财赋大部分由中央掌握。 影响:改变了藩镇割据的分裂局面;加强了中央集权;造成了“冗官”、“冗兵”、“冗费”的财政负担;削弱了军队的战斗力。(4分,答出两项即可)

题目分析:

(1)根据材料“故封建亲戚,以蕃屏周”、“分天下以三十六郡,郡置守、尉、监”不难得出分别是分封制、郡县制。通过分封制,加强了周天子对地方的统治,扩大统治区域。郡县制加强了秦朝中央对地方的控制,有利于维护国家统一。

(2)根据材料“本朝鉴五代藩镇之弊,遂尽夺藩镇之权。兵也收了,财也收了,赏罚刑政,一切收了,州郡遂日就困弱”即可说明其措施的主要方面及其消极影响。根据所学举措主要有全国精兵编入禁军、派文臣做知州、设通判监督等。其影响主要从改变藩镇割据的分裂局面、加强中央集权的角度说明。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Hightech machines have made life easier for millions around the world. However, some people

still prefer lowtech ways of doing things. Here's an example of why this is happening. You can

microwave a frozen hamburger in 60 seconds. However, it won't taste as good as the one you cook

on the stove. And if you're in that much of a hurry, you probably won't take time to toast the bun.  

Hightech cooking saves time, but it doesn't make bettertasting meals.

     Most people get their news from hightech sources like television or the Internet. This has many

advantages. For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines. It's also

more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs. However, newspapers and

magazines have some important advantages. They give more background and details. They also let

you read the parts that are important to you and skip the rest.

     Other hightech timesavers have similar disadvantages. For example, most people use the phone

or email to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places. But when you use

the Internet or the phone, you don't always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes

you forget the important things you want to communicate. Similarly, when you wordprocess a

homework assignment instead of handwriting it, you can check your spelling electronically and put in

fancy headings.  However, some students are so busy with the computer that they don't pay enough

attention to the actual words they are writing.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The writer likes hightech cooking.

B. Lowtech cooking produces bettertasting meals.

C. Hightech news programs always keep you reading what is important to you.

D. Handwritten homework is better than wordprocessed homework.

2. How does the writer feel about hightech tool?  

A. Better late than never.

B. Easy come, easy go.

C. Every coin has two sides.

D. Learn to walk before you run.

3. What is the main subject discussed in the text?

A. Hightech vs lowtech.

B. Advantages vs disadvantages.

C. Newspapers and magazines vs television and the Internet.

D. Wordprocessing vs handwriting.

4. How is the text organized?  

A. Main idea-Argument-Explanation.

B. Opinion-Discussion-Description.

C. Topic-Comparison-Supporting examples.

D. Introduction-Supporting examples-Discussion.

单项选择题