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问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

以下属于肠内营养并发症的是（）

A.腹泻

B.肝功能损害

C.胆囊结石

D.肠黏膜萎缩

E.必需脂肪酸缺乏

答案

参考答案：A

解析：肠内营养相对于肠外营养最大的优势之一是并发症不多而且不重，主要有误吸、腹泻、腹胀；而肠外营养的并发症较多，分为技术性、代谢性和感染性。技术性并发症指放置中心静脉导管的并发症，如气胸、血胸、空气栓塞等；代谢性并发症包括：补充不足所致的并发症，如血清电解质紊乱、微量元素缺乏、必需脂肪酸缺乏等，糖代谢紊乱所致的并发症，如低血糖和高血糖、肝功能损害等；长期肠外营养还可以导致胆囊内胆泥和结石形成、胆汁淤积及肝酶谱升高、肠屏障功能减退、肠黏膜萎缩、细菌移位。故答案应选A。

问答题 简答题

简述新闻策划的原则。
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单项选择题

At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal, the Nuclear Family. This presumably perfect residential, social, and economic unit consisted of an adult male, an adult female and their minor children. This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting.
However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be aimed for. Popular magazines bemoaned the loss of the Nuclear Family and its replacement with inferior forms.
There are a number of factors that are acting in concert to apply pressure on the Nuclear Family and generate a variety of new structures. Some of these are:
The definition of marriage has changed somewhat in that few people now consider it to last "until death do us part". The concept of monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman) has been modified to a form now referred to as serial monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman at a time). This reflects the increasing equality of women and men in terms of economic advantage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for their survival. Women are acquiring independence and have become empowered to make their own choices. With this independence, the need to form a relationship with a man becomes less important. This change embodies the concept that the marriage is temporary and can be terminated by either partner at any time. Associated with this, of course, is the relaxation of the divorce laws and the significant reduction of the shame that had one time been attached to divorce
The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forced to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home. There are unintended byproducts of the need for a double income. The most important of these is the replacement of a mother-oriented socialization of children to a "stranger-oriented" socialization system reflected in the growth of the childcare industry. Also, either partner is financially able to end the marriage without significant hardship.
The combination of these changes will in the coming decades have a profound effect on the structure of the family of North America. As a result, the family will be a fluid, constantly changing structure with variable household arrangements as the norm.

" ’ Stranger-oriented’ socialization system" in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.

A．strangers come home to take care of children

B．neighbors don’t know each other

C．mothers work outside their home and become strange to their children

D．children become strange to their parents
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