肺癌压迫侵犯邻近器官组织时，可出现哪些临床征象？
参考答案：
晚期肺癌压迫侵犯邻近器官组织时，可以产生以下征象。
（1）压迫或侵犯膈神经，引起同侧膈肌麻痹。
（2）压迫或侵犯喉返神经，引起声带麻痹、声音嘶哑。
（3）压迫上腔静脉，引起面部、颈部、上肢和上胸部静脉怒张，皮下组织水肿，上肢静脉压升高。
（4）侵犯胸膜，可引起持续胸膜腔积液，往往为血性，大量积液可以引起气促；有时癌肿侵犯胸膜及胸壁，可以引起持续性胸痛。
（5）癌肿侵入纵隔压迫食管，可以引起吞咽困难。
（6）上叶顶肺癌可以侵入纵隔和压迫位于胸廓上口的器官和组织，如第1肋骨、锁骨下动脉和静脉、臂丛神经、颈交感神经等，产生剧烈胸肩痛、上肢静脉怒张、水肿、臂痛和上肢运动障碍，同侧上眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷、面部无汗等交感神经综合征。
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| I want you to know about our neighborhood, Tangley Heights, a slum(贫民窟). I didn't go there much after I met Maxine and her disabled son Ronald and their friend, Miss Annie.In 1981 I was 12 years old. I __1__that once you are 12, you are too big for lots of things you used to __2__before, but you are too young for a job.So a whole group of us children were __3__with nothing to do, only standing at the corner to __4__if Maxine would come with popeyed(突眼的)Ronald.Somebody found that Ronald went to a school for mentally __5__kids and that every afternoon a special bus brought him home and that his mother was always there to __6__him off the bus. My mama could always make you feel special.She could see what my teachers could not, but that was a __7__between us.When my mama died, the secret died, too.It was Maxine who __8__me to her neighbor, Miss Annie, when I needed __9__with English.She told me to bring my book to her house every day after school.After a few weeks, Miss Annie said, "Vernon, I have never __10__you for money, but I would like you to help Maxine __11__up her yard." I cleaned up the yard, and then put the __12__in a bag that Ronald held.Ronald stood there __13__ the bag as if it were the most important job on earth.When you first saw Ronald, he looked like a (n) __14__animal, but what I understood was that Ronald's problem was __15__.Being scared made him look strange. | ||||
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