问题 单项选择题

一腹壁静脉曲张患者,脐以上血流方向由下至上,脐以下血流由上至下。该患者应考虑为()

A.上腔静脉阻塞

B.下腔静脉阻塞

C.门静脉高压或门静脉阻塞

D.脐静脉阻塞

E.髂外静脉阻塞

答案

参考答案:C

解析:脐以上血流方向由下至上,脐以下血流由上至下考虑门静脉高压或门静脉阻塞;脐以上、以下血流方向均由下至上考虑下腔静脉阻塞;脐以上、以下血流方向均由上至下考虑上腔静脉阻塞。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成1~5小题。

与陈伯之书

迟顿首陈 * * 足下:无恙,幸甚幸甚。 * * 勇冠三军,才为世出,弃燕雀之小志,慕鸿鹄以高翔。昔因机变化,遭遇明主;立功立事,开国称孤。朱轮华毂,拥旄万里,何其壮也!如何一旦为奔亡之虏,闻鸣镝而股战,对穹庐以屈膝,又何劣邪!

寻君去就之际,非有他故,直以不能内审诸己,外受流言,沉迷猖獗,以至于此。圣朝赦罪责功,弃瑕录用,推赤心于天下,安反侧于万物; * * 之所知,不假仆一二谈也。朱鲔喋血于友于,张绣剚刃于爱子,汉主不以为疑,魏君待之若旧。况 * * 无昔人之罪,而勋重于当世。夫迷涂知反,往哲是与;不远而复,先典攸高。主上屈法申恩,吞舟是漏; * * 松柏不翦,亲戚安居,高台未倾,爱妾尚在,悠悠尔心,亦何可言!今功臣名将,雁行有序。佩紫怀黄,赞帷幄之谋;乘轺建节,奉疆埸之任。并刑马作誓,传之子孙。 * * 独靦颜借命,驱驰毡裘之长,宁不哀哉!

夫以慕容超之强,身送东市;姚泓之盛,面缚西都。故知霜露所均,不育异类;姬汉旧邦,无取杂种。北虏僭盗中原,多历年所,恶积祸盈,理至燋烂。况伪孽昏狡,自相夷戮;部落携离,酋豪猜贰。方当系颈蛮邸,悬首藁街,而 * * 鱼游于沸鼎之中,燕巢于飞幕之上,不亦惑乎!

暮春三月江南草长杂花生树群莺乱飞见故国之旗鼓感乎生于畴日抚弦登陴岂不怆悢。

所以廉公之思赵将,吴子之泣西河,人之情也; * * 独无情哉!想早励良规,自求多福。

当今皇帝盛明,天下安乐。白环西献,楛矢东来。夜郎滇池,解辫请职;朝鲜昌海,蹶角受化。唯北狄野心,掘强沙塞之间,欲延岁月之命耳。中军临川殿下,明德茂亲,总兹戎重。吊民洛汭,伐罪秦中。若遂不改,方思仆言,聊布往怀,君其详之。丘迟顿首。

1.下列句中加点词的意义解释有误的一项是(3分)

A.直以不能内审诸己 审:仔细察看

B. * * 之所知,不假仆一二谈也。 假:凭借,借助

C.吊民洛汭,伐罪秦中。 吊:慰问

D.寻君去就之际,非有他故 就:成就

2.下列语句中加点词的用法与意义完全相同的一项是(3分)

A.①闻鸣镝而股战,对穹庐以屈膝 ②况 * * 无昔人之罪,而勋重于当世。

B.①朱轮华毂,拥旄万里,何其壮也!②悠悠尔心,亦何可言!

C.①汉主不以为疑,魏君待之若旧。 ②令初下,群臣进谏,门庭若市。

D.① * * 之所知,不假仆一二谈也。 ②北虏僭盗中原,多历年所

3.选出下面句中没有活用的一项(3分)

A.今功臣名将,雁行有序。 B.白环西献,楛矢东来。

C.唯北狄野心,掘强沙塞之间 D. * * 鱼游于沸鼎之中

4.选出对文意理解不正确的一项(3分)

A.文章先肯定陈伯之早年投降萧衍的明智之举,称颂此举带来的地位升迁,效果良好,“何其壮也”;接着痛斥他背叛而去的不义和不智,“又何劣邪”。两相对照,先声夺人。

B.文章结尾写暮春三月,江南地区,风景明丽优美,令人神往,意在打动陈 * * 的乡国之思,这是论述文中的“以理服人”。

C.从整封信来看,作者劝降的策略是刚柔相济,恩威并用;而文章的写作则给人沉思翰藻,文质兼备的美好感受。

D.书信最后一段讲明陈伯之面临着严峻的形势,必须当机立断,“若遂不改,方思仆言”,那就晚了。这就是后人常常说的“勿谓言之不预”的意思,语气虽然委婉,意思是很严峻的。

5.⑴用“/”给下面语句断句(4分)

暮 春 三 月 江 南 草 长 杂 花 生 树 群 莺 乱 飞 见 故 国 之 旗 鼓 感 乎 生 于 畴 日 抚 弦 登 陴 岂 不怆 悢。

⑵将下列文句翻译成现代汉语(6分)

① * * 勇冠三军,才为世出,弃燕雀之小志,慕鸿鹄以高翔。(3分)

②如何一旦为奔亡之虏,闻鸣镝而股战,对穹庐以屈膝,又何劣邪!(3分)

填空题


Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.
After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.