问题 问答题

什么是变文?

答案

参考答案:

变文简称“变”,是唐代通俗文学形式之一。它是在佛教僧侣所谓“唱导”的影响下,继承汉魏六朝乐府诗、志怪小说、杂赋等文学传统逐渐发展成熟的一种文体。郑振铎认为,“变文”的意义,和“演义”差不多,就是把古典的故事,重新再演说一番,变化一番,使人们容易明白。变文长期以来一直湮没无闻,直到敦煌藏经洞发现大批手抄写本变文以后,才逐渐为人们所认识和重视。变文包括讲唱佛经故事和世俗故事两类作品。讲唱佛经故事的变文,其内容主要是宣扬禅门佛理和封建迷信,有时还掺杂着儒家道德观念。表现形式大致有两种:一种是故事展开之前先引一段经文,然后边说边唱。另一种是前面不引经文,直接讲唱佛经神变故事。变文在艺术形式上也有独特的创造,除了叙事曲折、描写生动、想象丰富、语言通俗外,体制上韵文与散文相结合是其重要特点。变文的韵句一般用七言诗,也夹杂三言、五言、六言句式。散文多为浅近的文言和四六骈语,也有使用口语白话的。变文对唐代文人创作,特别是传奇的创作,具有一定的影响。唐初传奇《游仙窟》通篇以散文叙事、以韵语对话,便与变文散韵夹杂、唱白并用的形式基本一致;而且描写细致生动,语言通俗易懂,也接近变文的风格。中唐时期的传奇《柳毅传》、《莺莺传》、《长恨歌传》等,都明显地受到变文的影响。此外,从唐代传奇到宋、元以后的话本、拟话本等白话小说,它们那种长篇铺陈叙事的表现手法,也是跟变文相通的。

完形填空
I stopped to watch my little girl busy playing in her room. In one hand was a plastic    36 ; in the other a toy broom. I listened as she was speaking to her make-believe(假装) little friend and I’ll never forget the words she said, even though it was imagined.
She said, “Suzie’s in the corner because she’s not been very   37 . She didn’t listen to a   38  I said or do the things she should.” In the   39  I saw her baby doll all dressed in lace and pink. It was   40  she’d been put to sit alone and   41 .
My daughter   42  her “conversation”, as I sat down on the floor. She said, “I’m all fed up. I just don’t know   43  to do with her any more. She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games, too. She never   44  me do the things that I just have to do. She tries to help me with the dishes, but her arms just cannot   45 . And she doesn’t know how to fold towels. I don’t have the   46  to teach. I have a lot of work to do and a big house to keep clean. I don’t have the time to sit and play —   47  what I mean?”
And that day I thought a lot about making some   48  in my life, as I listened to her words that   49  me like a knife. I hadn’t been paying enough attention to what I hold most   50 . I’d been caught up in responsibilities that increased   51  years.
But now my   52  has changed, because, in my heart, I realize that I’ve seen the world in a different light through my little darling’s eyes. So, let the cobwebs(蜘蛛网)  53  the corners and the dust bunny rabbit rule the floor. I’m not going to worry about keeping up with them   54 .
I’m going to fill the house with   55  of a child and her mother, for we are granted only one childhood, and we will never get another.
小题1:
A.tableB.cameraC.hammerD.phone
小题2:
A.gentleB.happyC.goodD.helpful
小题3:
A.storyB.wordC.jokeD.sentence
小题4:
A.cornerB.bedC.roomD.box
小题5:
A.possibleB.clearC.commonD.unusual
小题6:
A.recoverB.pretendC.thinkD.regret
小题7:
A.continuedB.stoppedC.repeatedD.interrupted
小题8:
A.whatB.whetherC.whyD.how
小题9:
A.hasB.helpsC.makesD.lets
小题10:
A.reachB.settleC.arriveD.handle
小题11:
A.abilityB.dutyC.energyD.reason
小题12:
A.mindB.seeC.feelD.learn
小题13:
A.influencesB.changesC.plansD.troubles
小题14:
A.cutB.hurtC.brokeD.harmed
小题15:
A.cleverB.heavyC.dearD.lovely
小题16:
A.over B.afterC.forD.during
小题17:
A.purposeB.principleC.destinationD.attitude
小题18:
A.haveB.manageC.makeD.stop
小题19:
A.eitherB.any moreC.neitherD.anywhere
小题20:
A.conversationsB.messagesC.imaginationsD.memories
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